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Questions and Answers
Which of the following statements accurately describes the arrangement of phospholipids in the cell membrane?
Which of the following statements accurately describes the arrangement of phospholipids in the cell membrane?
- A single layer of phospholipids with hydrophobic tails facing outward.
- A double layer of phospholipids with hydrophobic tails facing both the interior and exterior of the cell and hydrophilic heads facing inward.
- A single layer of phospholipids with hydrophilic heads facing inward.
- A double layer of phospholipids with hydrophilic heads facing both the interior and exterior of the cell and hydrophobic tails facing inward. (correct)
Lysosomes are primarily responsible for generating energy for the cell through cellular respiration.
Lysosomes are primarily responsible for generating energy for the cell through cellular respiration.
False (B)
Briefly explain the endosymbiont theory and the evidence supporting it.
Briefly explain the endosymbiont theory and the evidence supporting it.
The endosymbiont theory posits that mitochondria and chloroplasts evolved from ancient prokaryotic cells engulfed by larger eukaryotic cells. Evidence includes their own DNA and ribosomes, similar to those in bacteria, and their ability to replicate independently within the cell.
The cytoskeleton is composed of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
The cytoskeleton is composed of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
Match the following cell organelles with their primary functions:
Match the following cell organelles with their primary functions:
Flashcards
Nucleus
Nucleus
Control center of the cell; contains DNA.
Ribosomes
Ribosomes
Site of protein synthesis; can be free or attached to ER.
Golgi Bodies
Golgi Bodies
Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids.
Lysosomes
Lysosomes
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Cell Membrane
Cell Membrane
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Study Notes
- All cells contain cell membranes, cytoplasm, DNA, and ribosomes.
- Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles.
Cell Organelle Functions
- Nucleus: primary function to control gene expression and mediate the replication of DNA during the cell cycle.
- Nucleolus: primary function to transcribe and assemble ribosomes.
- Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): primary function to synthesize lipids, phospholipids and steroids.
- Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER).: primary function to produce proteins.
- Ribosomes: primary function to translate RNA into proteins.
- Golgi Bodies: primary function to process and package proteins and lipids.
- Lysosomes: primary function to digest/break down materials.
- Vacuoles: primary function to store materials (water, salts, proteins, carbs).
- Mitochondria: primary function to generate chemical energy in the form of ATP.
- Chloroplasts: primary function to conduct photosynthesis.
- Cytoskeleton: composed of microfilaments and microtubules, providing structure and shape to the cell.
Endosymbiont Theory
- Eukaryotic cells are theorized to have evolved from prokaryotic cells.
- This evolution occurred through the infolding of the cell membrane, creating organelles.
- Mitochondria and chloroplasts possess their own DNA and ribosomes.
- They evolved from ancient prokaryotic cells engulfed by larger cells via endocytosis.
- Endocytosis: process where the cell membrane forms vesicles to transport substances into the cell.
Cell Membrane
- A double layer of phospholipids with embedded proteins and carbohydrates on the outer surface.
- The cell membrane exhibits selective permeability, allowing some substances to pass through while restricting others.
Phospholipids
- Composed of a hydrophilic phosphate end and hydrophobic lipid tails.
- Phosphate ends face outwards towards the aqueous solutions inside and outside the cell.
- Lipid tails point inwards, forming the inner part of the cell membrane.
Proteins
- Proteins are embedded within the phospholipid bilayer.
- They facilitate the transport of certain substances across the membrane.
Carbohydrates
- Carbohydrates attach to the exterior of the cell membrane.
- They act as "ID tags", enabling the immune system to identify the cell as part of the organism.
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Description
Explore the intricate world of cells, the fundamental units of life. Learn about the key components of cells, including the cell membrane, cytoplasm, DNA, and ribosomes. Discover the functions of essential organelles such as the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, lysosomes and mitochondria.
