Cell Structure Quiz

Cell Membrane: semi-permeable, regulates what enters and leaves the cell, composed of phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins
Cytoplasm: gel-like substance inside cell membrane, site of metabolic reactions, contains organelles
Nucleus: control center of cell, contains genetic material (DNA), surrounded by nuclear envelope
Mitochondria: site of cellular respiration, generates energy for cell
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): network of membranous tubules and cisternae, involved in protein synthesis and transport
Ribosomes: site of protein synthesis, found throughout cytoplasm and attached to ER
Lysosomes: membrane-bound sacs, contain digestive enzymes, break down and recycle cellular waste and foreign substances
Golgi Apparatus: complex of flattened sacs, involved in protein modification, sorting, and packaging
Cytoskeleton: network of filaments, provides structural support, shape, and movement to cell

Cell Division: process by which a cell becomes two daughter cells, involves mitosis and cytokinesis
- Mitosis: division of nucleus, resulting in two identical daughter nuclei
- Cytokinesis: division of cytoplasm, resulting in two daughter cells
Cell Signaling: process by which cells respond to stimuli, involves reception, transduction, and response
Cellular Transport: movement of molecules across cell membrane, involves passive (diffusion, osmosis) and active transport
Cellular Respiration: process by which cells generate energy from glucose, involves glycolysis, citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation

Cell Wall: provides structural support and protection, found in plant cells, bacteria, and some fungi
Plastids: organelles found in plant cells, involved in photosynthesis and pigment synthesis
** Peroxisomes**: organelles involved in breakdown of fatty acids and amino acids
Centrioles: organelles involved in formation of cilia, flagella, and spindle fibers

Cell Differentiation: process by which cells become specialized to perform specific functions
Stem Cells: undifferentiated cells that can give rise to specialized cells
Tissue: group of similar cells that perform specific functions
Organ: structure composed of two or more types of tissues that perform specific functions

Cell membrane is semi-permeable, regulating what enters and leaves the cell, and is composed of a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins.
Cytoplasm is a gel-like substance inside the cell membrane, where metabolic reactions occur, and contains organelles.
Nucleus is the control center of the cell, containing genetic material (DNA), and is surrounded by a nuclear envelope.
Mitochondria generate energy for the cell through cellular respiration.
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) is a network of membranous tubules and cisternae involved in protein synthesis and transport.
Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis, found throughout the cytoplasm and attached to ER.
Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes, breaking down and recycling cellular waste and foreign substances.
Golgi Apparatus is a complex of flattened sacs involved in protein modification, sorting, and packaging.
Cytoskeleton provides structural support, shape, and movement to the cell through a network of filaments.

Cell division is the process by which a cell becomes two daughter cells, involving mitosis and cytokinesis.
Mitosis is the division of the nucleus, resulting in two identical daughter nuclei.
Cytokinesis is the division of the cytoplasm, resulting in two daughter cells.
Cell signaling is the process by which cells respond to stimuli, involving reception, transduction, and response.
Cellular transport involves the movement of molecules across the cell membrane, with both passive (diffusion, osmosis) and active transport mechanisms.
Cellular respiration is the process by which cells generate energy from glucose, involving glycolysis, citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation.

Cell wall provides structural support and protection in plant cells, bacteria, and some fungi.
Plastids are organelles found in plant cells, involved in photosynthesis and pigment synthesis.
Peroxisomes are organelles involved in the breakdown of fatty acids and amino acids.
Centrioles are organelles involved in the formation of cilia, flagella, and spindle fibers.

Cell differentiation is the process by which cells become specialized to perform specific functions.
Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that can give rise to specialized cells.
Tissue is a group of similar cells that perform specific functions.
Organ is a structure composed of two or more types of tissues that perform specific functions.

The Tamil alphabet is an ancient and unique writing system used to write the Tamil language.
It consists of 12 vowels, 18 consonants, 1 special character, and 1 Grantha letter.

There are 12 vowels in the Tamil alphabet, which are: அ (a), ஆ (ā), இ (i), ஈ (ī), உ (u), ஊ (ū), எ (e), ஏ (ē), ஐ (ai), ஒ (o), ஓ (ō), and ஔ (au).

There are 18 consonants in the Tamil alphabet, which are: க (k), ங (ṅ), ச (c), ஞ (ñ), ட (ṭ), ண (ṇ), த (t), ந (n), ப (p), ம (m), ய (y), ர (r), ல (l), வ (v), ழ (ḻ), ள (ḷ), ற (ṟ), and ன (ṉ).

The special character in the Tamil alphabet is ஃ (āytam), which is used to indicate the sound of a voiced glottal stop.

The Grantha letter in the Tamil alphabet is ஜ (j), which is used to write Sanskrit loanwords.

The Tamil alphabet does not have a distinction between uppercase and lowercase letters.
Tamil words are written from left to right, and the script is written with a distinctive curved shape.