Questions and Answers
What is the function of the Golgi Apparatus?
Which organelle is responsible for generating energy for the cell through cellular respiration?
What is the function of the Cytoskeleton?
Which process involves the division of the nucleus, resulting in two identical daughter nuclei?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the function of the Lysosomes?
Signup and view all the answers
How many vowels are there in the Tamil alphabet?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the special character in the Tamil alphabet used to indicate?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT a feature of the Tamil alphabet?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the Grantha letter in the Tamil alphabet used for?
Signup and view all the answers
How many consonants are there in the Tamil alphabet?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Cell Structure
- Cell Membrane: semi-permeable, regulates what enters and leaves the cell, composed of phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins
- Cytoplasm: gel-like substance inside cell membrane, site of metabolic reactions, contains organelles
- Nucleus: control center of cell, contains genetic material (DNA), surrounded by nuclear envelope
- Mitochondria: site of cellular respiration, generates energy for cell
- Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): network of membranous tubules and cisternae, involved in protein synthesis and transport
- Ribosomes: site of protein synthesis, found throughout cytoplasm and attached to ER
- Lysosomes: membrane-bound sacs, contain digestive enzymes, break down and recycle cellular waste and foreign substances
- Golgi Apparatus: complex of flattened sacs, involved in protein modification, sorting, and packaging
- Cytoskeleton: network of filaments, provides structural support, shape, and movement to cell
Cellular Processes
-
Cell Division: process by which a cell becomes two daughter cells, involves mitosis and cytokinesis
- Mitosis: division of nucleus, resulting in two identical daughter nuclei
- Cytokinesis: division of cytoplasm, resulting in two daughter cells
- Cell Signaling: process by which cells respond to stimuli, involves reception, transduction, and response
- Cellular Transport: movement of molecules across cell membrane, involves passive (diffusion, osmosis) and active transport
- Cellular Respiration: process by which cells generate energy from glucose, involves glycolysis, citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation
Cellular Organelle Functions
- Cell Wall: provides structural support and protection, found in plant cells, bacteria, and some fungi
- Plastids: organelles found in plant cells, involved in photosynthesis and pigment synthesis
- ** Peroxisomes**: organelles involved in breakdown of fatty acids and amino acids
- Centrioles: organelles involved in formation of cilia, flagella, and spindle fibers
Cellular Specialization
- Cell Differentiation: process by which cells become specialized to perform specific functions
- Stem Cells: undifferentiated cells that can give rise to specialized cells
- Tissue: group of similar cells that perform specific functions
- Organ: structure composed of two or more types of tissues that perform specific functions
Cell Structure
- Cell membrane is semi-permeable, regulating what enters and leaves the cell, and is composed of a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins.
- Cytoplasm is a gel-like substance inside the cell membrane, where metabolic reactions occur, and contains organelles.
- Nucleus is the control center of the cell, containing genetic material (DNA), and is surrounded by a nuclear envelope.
- Mitochondria generate energy for the cell through cellular respiration.
- Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) is a network of membranous tubules and cisternae involved in protein synthesis and transport.
- Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis, found throughout the cytoplasm and attached to ER.
- Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes, breaking down and recycling cellular waste and foreign substances.
- Golgi Apparatus is a complex of flattened sacs involved in protein modification, sorting, and packaging.
- Cytoskeleton provides structural support, shape, and movement to the cell through a network of filaments.
Cellular Processes
- Cell division is the process by which a cell becomes two daughter cells, involving mitosis and cytokinesis.
- Mitosis is the division of the nucleus, resulting in two identical daughter nuclei.
- Cytokinesis is the division of the cytoplasm, resulting in two daughter cells.
- Cell signaling is the process by which cells respond to stimuli, involving reception, transduction, and response.
- Cellular transport involves the movement of molecules across the cell membrane, with both passive (diffusion, osmosis) and active transport mechanisms.
- Cellular respiration is the process by which cells generate energy from glucose, involving glycolysis, citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation.
Cellular Organelle Functions
- Cell wall provides structural support and protection in plant cells, bacteria, and some fungi.
- Plastids are organelles found in plant cells, involved in photosynthesis and pigment synthesis.
- Peroxisomes are organelles involved in the breakdown of fatty acids and amino acids.
- Centrioles are organelles involved in the formation of cilia, flagella, and spindle fibers.
Cellular Specialization
- Cell differentiation is the process by which cells become specialized to perform specific functions.
- Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that can give rise to specialized cells.
- Tissue is a group of similar cells that perform specific functions.
- Organ is a structure composed of two or more types of tissues that perform specific functions.
Tamil Alphabet
Overview
- The Tamil alphabet is an ancient and unique writing system used to write the Tamil language.
- It consists of 12 vowels, 18 consonants, 1 special character, and 1 Grantha letter.
Vowels
- There are 12 vowels in the Tamil alphabet, which are: அ (a), ஆ (ā), இ (i), ஈ (ī), உ (u), ஊ (ū), எ (e), ஏ (ē), ஐ (ai), ஒ (o), ஓ (ō), and ஔ (au).
Consonants
- There are 18 consonants in the Tamil alphabet, which are: க (k), ங (ṅ), ச (c), ஞ (ñ), ட (ṭ), ண (ṇ), த (t), ந (n), ப (p), ம (m), ய (y), ர (r), ல (l), வ (v), ழ (ḻ), ள (ḷ), ற (ṟ), and ன (ṉ).
Special Character
- The special character in the Tamil alphabet is ஃ (āytam), which is used to indicate the sound of a voiced glottal stop.
Grantha Letter
- The Grantha letter in the Tamil alphabet is ஜ (j), which is used to write Sanskrit loanwords.
Unique Features
- The Tamil alphabet does not have a distinction between uppercase and lowercase letters.
- Tamil words are written from left to right, and the script is written with a distinctive curved shape.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Test your knowledge of cell structure and organelles, including the cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, mitochondria, and endoplasmic reticulum.