Cell Structure Quiz

Study Notes

Plasma Membrane: Semi-permeable membrane that separates the cell from its environment
Cytoplasm: Jelly-like substance inside the cell membrane where metabolic processes take place
Nucleus: Control center of the cell where DNA is stored
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for generating energy for the cell
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): Network of membranous tubules and cisternae involved in protein synthesis and transport
Ribosomes: Small organelles found throughout the cytoplasm where protein synthesis occurs
Lysosomes: Membrane-bound sacs containing digestive enzymes that break down and recycle cellular waste and foreign substances
Golgi Apparatus: Complex of flattened sacs and tubules involved in protein modification and transport

Metabolism: Cellular processes that convert energy and nutrients into the components that make up living organisms
Growth and Development: Cells grow, divide, and differentiate to form new tissues and organs
Response to Stimuli: Cells respond to changes in their environment through signaling pathways and gene expression
Reproduction: Cells divide to produce new cells, ensuring the continuation of the species
Cell Signaling: Cells communicate with each other through signaling pathways to coordinate activities

Prokaryotic Cells: Lack a true nucleus and are typically small and simple in structure (e.g., bacteria)
Eukaryotic Cells: Have a true nucleus and are typically larger and more complex in structure (e.g., plants, animals, fungi)
Stem Cells: Undifferentiated cells that have the ability to differentiate into specialized cell types

The plasma membrane is semi-permeable, separating the cell from its environment and regulating what enters and leaves the cell.
Cytoplasm is a jelly-like substance inside the cell membrane where metabolic processes, such as glycolysis, take place.
The nucleus is the control center of the cell, storing DNA in the form of chromatin, and regulating gene expression.
Mitochondria are organelles responsible for generating energy for the cell through cellular respiration, producing ATP.
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) is a network of membranous tubules and cisternae involved in protein synthesis, modification, and transport.
Ribosomes are small organelles found throughout the cytoplasm, responsible for protein synthesis through translation.
Lysosomes are membrane-bound sacs containing digestive enzymes that break down and recycle cellular waste and foreign substances.
The Golgi Apparatus is a complex of flattened sacs and tubules involved in protein modification, packaging, and transport.

Metabolic processes, such as photosynthesis and cellular respiration, convert energy and nutrients into the components that make up living organisms.
Cells grow and develop through mitosis, meiosis, and differentiation, forming new tissues and organs.
Cells respond to changes in their environment through signaling pathways, gene expression, and adjustment of metabolic rates.
Cell reproduction ensures the continuation of the species through mitosis and meiosis.
Cell signaling enables cells to communicate with each other through signaling pathways, coordinating activities and maintaining tissue homeostasis.

Prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria, lack a true nucleus, are small, and have a simple structure, with genetic material in a single circular chromosome.
Eukaryotic cells, including plants, animals, and fungi, have a true nucleus, are larger, and have a more complex structure with linear chromosomes.
Stem cells are undifferentiated cells with the ability to differentiate into specialized cell types, such as nerve, muscle, or epithelial cells.