Cell Structure & Function Quiz

A type of lipid that forms the basic structure of cell membranes.

Attracted to water.

Repelled by water.

Two layers of phospholipids arranged tail-to-tail, forming a stable barrier in water.

Describes the structure of cell membranes as a fluid phospholipid bilayer interspersed with proteins.

The movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from an area of high water concentration to an area of low water concentration.

A membrane that allows some substances to pass through but not others.

A difference in the concentration of a substance across a space.

A solution with a lower solute concentration than inside a cell.

A solution with a higher solute concentration than inside a cell.

A solution with the same solute concentration as inside a cell.

The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration without the need for energy.

The movement of molecules from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration which requires energy (ATP).

The force required to prevent water from moving across a selectively permeable membrane due to concentration differences.

A cell that contains a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. Found in all organisms except those in the Monera kingdom.

A specialized structure within a eukaryotic cell that performs a specific function, surrounded by a membrane.

The control center of a eukaryotic cell, containing DNA and responsible for regulating cell activity.

Double membrane surrounding the nucleus, regulating the passage of molecules in and out.

Opening in the nuclear envelope that allows specific molecules to pass in and out of the nucleus.

A basic unit of DNA packaging in the nucleus, consisting of DNA wrapped around histone proteins.

Highly condensed structure of DNA and histone proteins, visible during cell division. Contains genetic information.

Structure within the nucleus where rRNA is synthesized and stored before assembling into ribosomes.

A stack of flattened membrane-bound sacs (cisternae) in eukaryotic cells that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids.

The name for the Golgi Apparatus in plant cells.

The Golgi Apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids, and synthesizes polysaccharides and glycoproteins.

A membrane-bound organelle that contains enzymes for breaking down cellular waste materials and debris.

Lysosomes digest cellular waste products and engulf foreign objects.

The powerhouses of cells, responsible for producing ATP (energy) through cellular respiration.

Folds of the inner membrane of mitochondria that increase surface area for ATP production.

The gel-like matrix inside the inner membrane of a mitochondrion, where enzymes for ATP production are located.

This theory explains the origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts in eukaryotic cells. It suggests that these organelles were once free-living bacteria that were engulfed by larger cells and eventually became integrated as essential parts of the host cell.

Organelles found in plant cells and some protists responsible for photosynthesis. They contain chlorophyll and convert light energy into chemical energy.

Flattened membrane sacs in chloroplasts that contain chlorophyll and other pigments. They are organized into stacks called grana.

Structures found in many cells that act as storage compartments for various substances such as hormones, starch, and pigments.

Storage organelles present in plant cells, responsible for storing starch, a primary energy source in plants.

Organelles in plants responsible for storing pigments other than chlorophyll, which gives fruits and flowers their color.

Small organelles responsible for detoxification. They contain catalase, an enzyme that breaks down hydrogen peroxide, a harmful byproduct of metabolism.

An enzyme found in peroxisomes that breaks down hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen.

Plant organelles that contain catalase to break down H2O2 during lipid conversion to sugars.

A network of protein fibers that supports cell shape, anchors organelles, and helps with movement.

Protein fibers in the cytoskeleton responsible for cell movement.

Tubular structures in the cytoskeleton involved in cell division and forming centrioles.

Cylindrical structures involved in cell division, formed by microtubules.

Protein fibers in the cytoskeleton providing physical support to the cell.