Cell Structure and Organization
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the ribosomes in a prokaryotic cell?

  • To regulate cell growth
  • To synthesize proteins (correct)
  • To provide structural support to the cell
  • To store genetic information
  • Which of the following is a characteristic of prokaryotic cells?

  • Having membrane-bound organelles
  • Having a nucleoid region (correct)
  • Having a true nucleus
  • Having a rigid cell wall
  • What is the primary function of the flagella in prokaryotic cells?

  • To provide structural support to the cell
  • To attach the cell to its substrate
  • To propel the cell through its liquid environment (correct)
  • To regulate cell growth
  • What is the region between the nucleus and the plasma membrane in eukaryotic cells?

    <p>Cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the fimbriae in prokaryotic cells?

    <p>To attach the cell to its substrate or other cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cell wall composed of in prokaryotic cells?

    <p>A rigid, chemically complex structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the rough ER in the process of protein synthesis?

    <p>Synthesizing, modifying, and packaging secretory proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the transport vesicle in the process of protein synthesis?

    <p>To transport proteins from the ER to the Golgi apparatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of protein is produced in the rough ER when short chains of sugars are linked to a polypeptide?

    <p>Glycoprotein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Golgi apparatus?

    <p>To modify products of the ER</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the acidic environment in the lysosome?

    <p>To provide an optimal environment for digestive enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the bound ribosome in protein synthesis?

    <p>To synthesize polypeptide chains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a lysosome in a cell?

    <p>To break down and recycle organic molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of vacuole is responsible for pumping excess water out of cells?

    <p>Contractile vacuole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the origin of a lysosome?

    <p>Derived from the Rough ER and Golgi apparatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of a central vacuole in a mature plant cell?

    <p>To hold organic compounds and water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of a lysosome?

    <p>Synthesizes proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of fusing with food vacuoles and digesting food?

    <p>Digestive function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of specific transport proteins in facilitated diffusion?

    <p>To help specific substances diffuse across the membrane down their concentration gradient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of transport requires energy input from the cell?

    <p>Active transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of aquaporin proteins in certain cells?

    <p>To facilitate the rapid diffusion of water into and out of the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which a cell exports bulky molecules?

    <p>Exocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do polar or charged substances not easily cross cell membranes?

    <p>Because they are repelled by the hydrophobic interior of the membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the energy molecule that supplies energy for most active transport processes?

    <p>ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of plasmodesmata in plant cells?

    <p>To allow plant tissues to share water, nourishment, and chemical messages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main component of plant cell walls that provides structural support and helps keep the plant upright against gravity?

    <p>Cellulose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which phospholipids spontaneously arrange themselves into a bilayer structure?

    <p>Self-assembly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of membrane proteins in the plasma membrane?

    <p>To recognize and respond to external signals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the structure of a plasma membrane, which is composed of a patchwork of diverse protein molecules embedded in a phospholipid bilayer?

    <p>Fluid mosaic model</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the critical step in the origin of life that is facilitated by the spontaneous formation of membranes?

    <p>The formation of membrane-enclosed collections of molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

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