Cell Structure and Organization

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What is the primary function of the ribosomes in a prokaryotic cell?

To regulate cell growth

To synthesize proteins (correct)

To provide structural support to the cell

To store genetic information

Which of the following is a characteristic of prokaryotic cells?

Having membrane-bound organelles

Having a nucleoid region (correct)

Having a true nucleus

Having a rigid cell wall

What is the primary function of the flagella in prokaryotic cells?

To provide structural support to the cell

To attach the cell to its substrate

To propel the cell through its liquid environment (correct)

To regulate cell growth

What is the region between the nucleus and the plasma membrane in eukaryotic cells?

Cytoplasm (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the fimbriae in prokaryotic cells?

To attach the cell to its substrate or other cells (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the cell wall composed of in prokaryotic cells?

A rigid, chemically complex structure (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the rough ER in the process of protein synthesis?

Synthesizing, modifying, and packaging secretory proteins (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the transport vesicle in the process of protein synthesis?

To transport proteins from the ER to the Golgi apparatus (D) Signup and view all the answers

What type of protein is produced in the rough ER when short chains of sugars are linked to a polypeptide?

Glycoprotein (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Golgi apparatus?

To modify products of the ER (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the acidic environment in the lysosome?

To provide an optimal environment for digestive enzymes (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the bound ribosome in protein synthesis?

To synthesize polypeptide chains (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a lysosome in a cell?

To break down and recycle organic molecules (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of vacuole is responsible for pumping excess water out of cells?

Contractile vacuole (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin of a lysosome?

Derived from the Rough ER and Golgi apparatus (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of a central vacuole in a mature plant cell?

To hold organic compounds and water (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of a lysosome?

Synthesizes proteins (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of fusing with food vacuoles and digesting food?

Digestive function (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of specific transport proteins in facilitated diffusion?

To help specific substances diffuse across the membrane down their concentration gradient (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of transport requires energy input from the cell?

Active transport (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of aquaporin proteins in certain cells?

To facilitate the rapid diffusion of water into and out of the cell (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which a cell exports bulky molecules?

Exocytosis (D) Signup and view all the answers

Why do polar or charged substances not easily cross cell membranes?

Because they are repelled by the hydrophobic interior of the membrane (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the energy molecule that supplies energy for most active transport processes?

ATP (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of plasmodesmata in plant cells?

To allow plant tissues to share water, nourishment, and chemical messages (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main component of plant cell walls that provides structural support and helps keep the plant upright against gravity?

Cellulose (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which phospholipids spontaneously arrange themselves into a bilayer structure?

Self-assembly (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of membrane proteins in the plasma membrane?

To recognize and respond to external signals (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the structure of a plasma membrane, which is composed of a patchwork of diverse protein molecules embedded in a phospholipid bilayer?

Fluid mosaic model (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the critical step in the origin of life that is facilitated by the spontaneous formation of membranes?

The formation of membrane-enclosed collections of molecules (D) Signup and view all the answers