89 Questions
Where are such cells typically found that line the small intestine to absorb nutrients from digested food?
Plasma Membrane
What is the main function of the endomembrane system in eukaryotic cells?
Lipid and protein modification, packaging, and transport
What makes up the majority of the cytoplasm?
Water
Where is the DNA housed within the cell?
Nucleus
Which organelle is responsible for directing the synthesis of ribosomes and proteins?
Nucleus
What is the main function of the cytoplasm within a cell?
Protein synthesis
What are the functions of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)?
Synthesis of carbohydrates, lipids, steroid hormones, and detoxification
Where do transport vesicles from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) go after leaving the Golgi apparatus?
Opposite face of the Golgi apparatus
What is the main function of the Golgi apparatus?
Sorting, tagging, and packaging lipids and proteins
Which organelle has a receiving face near the endoplasmic reticulum and a releasing face toward the cell membrane?
Golgi Apparatus
What is the most frequent modification that proteins and lipids undergo in the Golgi apparatus?
Addition of short chains of sugar molecules
Where do secretory vesicles release their contents?
Outside the cell
Which organelle contains digestive enzymes that aid in the breakdown of proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, and nucleic acids?
Lysosomes
At what pH level are the enzymes within lysosomes active?
More acidic pH
Which type of white blood cell undergoes phagocytosis and uses lysosomes to destroy pathogens?
Macrophages
What is the function of vesicles within a cell system?
Storage and transport
Where are ribosomes found within a cell?
Cytoplasm
Which type of transport mechanism requires the use of cell energy, mostly as ATP?
Primary active transport
In active transport mechanisms, substances must move into the cell against what gradient?
Against its concentration gradient
What happens to ATP in primary active transport?
It is hydrolyzed to ADP and a phosphate group
Which type of active transport involves the attachment of a phosphate group to a transport protein resulting in conformational change?
Primary active transport
What type of transport mechanism moves particles such as large molecules into a cell by invaginating the plasma membrane forming a pocket?
Endocytosis
Which process forms a vacuole containing particles that were endocytosed?
Endocytosis
Which substances can readily pass through plasma membranes according to the text?
Fat soluble vitamins A, D, E, and K
What prevents small ions from passing through the plasma membrane?
Their charge
What is the main characteristic of diffusion mentioned in the text?
Molecules move from high concentration to low concentration
What are the factors that affect the rate of diffusion according to the text?
Mass of the molecules, extent of the concentration gradient, temperature
How does facilitated transport differ from simple diffusion?
Facilitated transport uses trans-membrane proteins as assistance
What is the initial step in facilitated transport as described in the text?
The material attaches to protein receptors on the exterior surface of the plasma membrane
What is the primary function of the Golgi apparatus?
Tagging and packaging of lipids and proteins
During transportation through the Golgi apparatus, what is the most common modification proteins and lipids undergo?
Addition of short chains of sugar molecules
Where do transport vesicles from the Golgi apparatus deposit their contents within the cell?
Other parts of the cell for utilization
Which organelle is responsible for alcohol metabolism and detoxification of medications within a cell?
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)
What is the final destination for secretory vesicles after they bud from the Golgi apparatus?
Plasma membrane
Which part of the Golgi apparatus receives transport vesicles that form from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?
Receiving face
What is the main function of lysosomes in a cell?
Breaking down various molecules and pathogens
In what type of cells would you expect to find a high concentration of lysosomes?
Immune system cells for pathogen defense
What is the specific function of ribosomes within a cell?
Synthesizing proteins
Which organelle is involved in the destruction of pathogens engulfed by macrophages?
Lysosomes
Where do vesicles primarily function within a cell system?
Storing and transporting substances
What distinguishes lysosomal enzymes from those located in the cytoplasm?
They are active at a lower pH level
What is the main function of mitochondria in a cell according to the text?
Synthesis of ATP
What is the purpose of the folds called cristae in the inner membrane of mitochondria?
Increase the surface area for ATP production
In which type of transport mechanism do substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration?
Facilitated diffusion
What is the main distinguishing feature of plasma membranes regarding substance passage according to the text?
They selectively allow substances to enter and leave the cell
Why do muscle cells have a high concentration of mitochondria according to the text?
Because muscle cells need a lot of energy to contract
Which organelle is particularly abundant in immature red blood cells based on the information provided?
Ribosomes
What is the main function of the endomembrane system in eukaryotic cells?
Modify, package, and transport lipids and proteins
Where does the nucleus direct the synthesis of ribosomes and proteins?
Cytoplasm
Which organelle houses the cell's DNA in the form of chromatin?
Nucleus
What comprises the majority of the cytoplasm in a cell?
Water with semisolid consistency
Which organelle is responsible for modifying, packaging, and transporting lipids and proteins in eukaryotic cells?
Endoplasmic reticulum
What are the main components suspended in the cytosol that make up the cytoplasm?
Cytoskeleton and various chemicals
What is the primary energy source used in active transport mechanisms?
ATP hydrolysis
In primary active transport, what happens to ATP to facilitate the movement of substances across the membrane?
It is hydrolyzed to ADP and phosphate
Which type of active transport involves the formation of a vacuole from the plasma membrane to engulf particles into the cell?
Endocytosis
What role does the sodium-potassium pump play in active transport mechanisms?
Balancing sodium and potassium levels within the cell
Which cellular process involves an enzyme-catalyzed reaction leading to a change in the shape of transport proteins for substance movement?
Primary active transport
How does primary active transport differ from passive transport mechanisms like simple diffusion?
It requires an energy source and moves substances against their concentration gradient
The cytoplasm consists of organelles suspended in cytosol, cytoskeleton, and various chemicals.
True
The endomembrane system in eukaryotic cells is responsible for modifying, packaging, and transporting lipids and proteins.
True
The nucleus houses the cell's DNA in the form of ribosomes.
False
The nuclear envelope is composed of phospholipid bilayers.
True
The main function of the Golgi apparatus is to direct the synthesis of ribosomes.
False
Mitochondria are primarily responsible for directing metabolic reactions, including protein synthesis.
False
Substances like fat soluble vitamins A, D, E, and K can easily pass through plasma membranes in the digestive tract and other tissues.
True
Molecules of oxygen and carbon dioxide mostly pass through plasma membranes via active transport.
False
Ions such as sodium, potassium, calcium, and chloride can penetrate plasma membranes easily due to their small size.
False
Facilitated transport involves material moving across the plasma membrane without the assistance of trans-membrane proteins.
False
Simple sugars and amino acids require assistance with transport across plasma membranes.
True
Diffusion is an active process that requires cellular energy for substances to move from areas of low concentration to high concentration.
False
Mitochondria are responsible for making adenosine triphosphate (ATP) through a process called cellular respiration.
True
The inner layer of the mitochondria has folds called ribosomes which increase the surface area of the inner membrane.
False
Passive transport mechanisms do not require energy and involve substances moving from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
True
Lipid-soluble materials can easily pass through the hydrophilic lipid core of the plasma membrane.
False
Muscle cells have a high concentration of mitochondria because they need a lot of energy to relax.
False
The plasma membrane is selectively permeable and allows harmful material to enter while preventing essential material from leaving the cell.
False
Osmosis transports both water and solutes across a semipermeable membrane.
False
In a hypertonic solution, the extracellular fluid contains more water than the cell.
False
An isotonic solution means the extracellular fluid has a lower osmolarity than the cell.
False
Hypotonic solutions may cause animal cells to shrink.
False
The term 'tonicity' refers to the amount of solute in a solution.
True
In an isotonic solution, there will be no net movement of water into or out of the cell.
True
The sodium-potassium pump is an example of primary active transport that moves substances across the membrane with the help of ATP energy.
True
Endocytosis is a passive transport mechanism that moves large molecules into a cell.
False
In primary active transport, ATP is hydrolyzed to ADP and the lost phosphate group does not attach to the transport protein to aid in conformational change.
False
Facilitated transport involves substances moving across the membrane against their concentration gradient without the assistance of transport proteins.
False
The primary function of the Golgi apparatus is to synthesize ATP energy for cellular processes.
False
Active transport mechanisms involve the movement of substances from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration using cell energy.
True
Test your knowledge about cell structure and organelles' functions with this quiz. Match the function of different structures like the plasma membrane and cytoplasm to their respective organelles. Learn about the components inside a cell such as the cytosol, cytoskeleton, and nuclear envelope.
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