Cell Components & Transport

Where are such cells typically found that line the small intestine to absorb nutrients from digested food?

What is the main function of the endomembrane system in eukaryotic cells?

What makes up the majority of the cytoplasm?

Where is the DNA housed within the cell?

Which organelle is responsible for directing the synthesis of ribosomes and proteins?

What is the main function of the cytoplasm within a cell?

What are the functions of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)?

Where do transport vesicles from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) go after leaving the Golgi apparatus?

What is the main function of the Golgi apparatus?

Which organelle has a receiving face near the endoplasmic reticulum and a releasing face toward the cell membrane?

What is the most frequent modification that proteins and lipids undergo in the Golgi apparatus?

Where do secretory vesicles release their contents?

Which organelle contains digestive enzymes that aid in the breakdown of proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, and nucleic acids?

At what pH level are the enzymes within lysosomes active?

Which type of white blood cell undergoes phagocytosis and uses lysosomes to destroy pathogens?

What is the function of vesicles within a cell system?

Where are ribosomes found within a cell?

Which type of transport mechanism requires the use of cell energy, mostly as ATP?

In active transport mechanisms, substances must move into the cell against what gradient?

What happens to ATP in primary active transport?

Which type of active transport involves the attachment of a phosphate group to a transport protein resulting in conformational change?

What type of transport mechanism moves particles such as large molecules into a cell by invaginating the plasma membrane forming a pocket?

Which process forms a vacuole containing particles that were endocytosed?

Which substances can readily pass through plasma membranes according to the text?

What prevents small ions from passing through the plasma membrane?

What is the main characteristic of diffusion mentioned in the text?

What are the factors that affect the rate of diffusion according to the text?

How does facilitated transport differ from simple diffusion?

What is the initial step in facilitated transport as described in the text?

What is the primary function of the Golgi apparatus?

During transportation through the Golgi apparatus, what is the most common modification proteins and lipids undergo?

Where do transport vesicles from the Golgi apparatus deposit their contents within the cell?

Which organelle is responsible for alcohol metabolism and detoxification of medications within a cell?

What is the final destination for secretory vesicles after they bud from the Golgi apparatus?

Which part of the Golgi apparatus receives transport vesicles that form from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?

What is the main function of lysosomes in a cell?

In what type of cells would you expect to find a high concentration of lysosomes?

What is the specific function of ribosomes within a cell?

Which organelle is involved in the destruction of pathogens engulfed by macrophages?

Where do vesicles primarily function within a cell system?

What distinguishes lysosomal enzymes from those located in the cytoplasm?

What is the main function of mitochondria in a cell according to the text?

What is the purpose of the folds called cristae in the inner membrane of mitochondria?

In which type of transport mechanism do substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration?

What is the main distinguishing feature of plasma membranes regarding substance passage according to the text?

Why do muscle cells have a high concentration of mitochondria according to the text?

Which organelle is particularly abundant in immature red blood cells based on the information provided?

What is the main function of the endomembrane system in eukaryotic cells?

Where does the nucleus direct the synthesis of ribosomes and proteins?

Which organelle houses the cell's DNA in the form of chromatin?

What comprises the majority of the cytoplasm in a cell?

Which organelle is responsible for modifying, packaging, and transporting lipids and proteins in eukaryotic cells?

What are the main components suspended in the cytosol that make up the cytoplasm?

What is the primary energy source used in active transport mechanisms?

In primary active transport, what happens to ATP to facilitate the movement of substances across the membrane?

Which type of active transport involves the formation of a vacuole from the plasma membrane to engulf particles into the cell?

What role does the sodium-potassium pump play in active transport mechanisms?

Which cellular process involves an enzyme-catalyzed reaction leading to a change in the shape of transport proteins for substance movement?

How does primary active transport differ from passive transport mechanisms like simple diffusion?

The cytoplasm consists of organelles suspended in cytosol, cytoskeleton, and various chemicals.

The endomembrane system in eukaryotic cells is responsible for modifying, packaging, and transporting lipids and proteins.

The nucleus houses the cell's DNA in the form of ribosomes.

The nuclear envelope is composed of phospholipid bilayers.

The main function of the Golgi apparatus is to direct the synthesis of ribosomes.

Mitochondria are primarily responsible for directing metabolic reactions, including protein synthesis.

Substances like fat soluble vitamins A, D, E, and K can easily pass through plasma membranes in the digestive tract and other tissues.

Molecules of oxygen and carbon dioxide mostly pass through plasma membranes via active transport.

Ions such as sodium, potassium, calcium, and chloride can penetrate plasma membranes easily due to their small size.

Facilitated transport involves material moving across the plasma membrane without the assistance of trans-membrane proteins.

Simple sugars and amino acids require assistance with transport across plasma membranes.

Diffusion is an active process that requires cellular energy for substances to move from areas of low concentration to high concentration.

Mitochondria are responsible for making adenosine triphosphate (ATP) through a process called cellular respiration.

The inner layer of the mitochondria has folds called ribosomes which increase the surface area of the inner membrane.

Passive transport mechanisms do not require energy and involve substances moving from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

Lipid-soluble materials can easily pass through the hydrophilic lipid core of the plasma membrane.

Muscle cells have a high concentration of mitochondria because they need a lot of energy to relax.

The plasma membrane is selectively permeable and allows harmful material to enter while preventing essential material from leaving the cell.

Osmosis transports both water and solutes across a semipermeable membrane.

In a hypertonic solution, the extracellular fluid contains more water than the cell.

An isotonic solution means the extracellular fluid has a lower osmolarity than the cell.

Hypotonic solutions may cause animal cells to shrink.

The term 'tonicity' refers to the amount of solute in a solution.

In an isotonic solution, there will be no net movement of water into or out of the cell.

The sodium-potassium pump is an example of primary active transport that moves substances across the membrane with the help of ATP energy.

Endocytosis is a passive transport mechanism that moves large molecules into a cell.

In primary active transport, ATP is hydrolyzed to ADP and the lost phosphate group does not attach to the transport protein to aid in conformational change.

Facilitated transport involves substances moving across the membrane against their concentration gradient without the assistance of transport proteins.

The primary function of the Golgi apparatus is to synthesize ATP energy for cellular processes.

Active transport mechanisms involve the movement of substances from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration using cell energy.