12 Questions
What is the primary function of the plasma membrane?
To regulate what enters and leaves the cell
Which organelle is responsible for breaking down and recycling cellular waste?
Lysosomes
What is the main component of cytosol?
Water
What is the primary function of the mitochondria?
To generate energy for the cell
What is the function of the Golgi Apparatus?
To modify and package proteins and lipids for transport
Which of the following cells typically has a cell wall?
Plant cells
What is the primary function of the nucleus in a cell?
To store genetic material
Which type of cell lacks a true nucleus?
Prokaryotic cell
What is the term for the process of cell division that results in four daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell?
Meiosis
Which organelle is involved in protein synthesis, folding, and transport?
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
What is the term for the chemical reactions that occur within the cell to maintain life?
Metabolism
Which organelle is the site of protein synthesis?
Ribosomes
Study Notes
Cell Structure
Plasma Membrane
- Thin, semi-permeable membrane that surrounds the cell
- Composed of phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins
- Regulates what enters and leaves the cell
- Maintains cell shape and provides mechanical support
Cytoplasm
- Gel-like substance inside the cell membrane
- Composed of water, salts, sugars, and various organelles
- Site of many metabolic reactions
- Supports cell division and growth
Organelles
- Nucleus: control center of the cell, contains DNA
- Mitochondria: generates energy for the cell through cellular respiration
- Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): involved in protein synthesis and transport
- Ribosomes: site of protein synthesis
- Lysosomes: contains digestive enzymes, breaks down and recycles cellular waste
- Golgi Apparatus: modifies and packages proteins and lipids for transport
- Cytoskeleton: provides structural support and shape to the cell
- Peroxisomes: involved in breakdown of fatty acids and amino acids
Cytosol
- Fluid component of cytoplasm
- Site of many metabolic reactions, including glycolysis and protein synthesis
- Helps to regulate cell pH and temperature
Cell Wall
- Rigid layer outside the plasma membrane in some cells (e.g. plant cells, bacteria)
- Provides additional support and protection
- Composed of cellulose, peptidoglycan, or other materials depending on the cell type
This quiz covers the basics of cell structure, including the plasma membrane, cytoplasm, organelles, and cell wall. Learn about the functions and characteristics of each component. Test your knowledge of cell biology!
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