Cell Structure and Functions

Cell Structure

• Cell Membrane (Plasma Membrane):
  • Semi-permeable membrane that separates the cell from its environment
  • Regulates what enters and leaves the cell
• Cytoplasm:
  • Jelly-like substance inside the cell membrane
  • Site of many cellular activities (metabolism, protein synthesis)
• Nucleus:
  • Control center of the cell
  • Contains DNA (genetic material)
• Organelles:
  • Mitochondria: generate energy for the cell
  • Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): protein synthesis and transport
  • Ribosomes: protein synthesis
  • Lysosomes: cell digestion and recycling
  • Golgi Apparatus: protein modification and transport

Cell Types

• Prokaryotic Cells:
  • Lack true nucleus
  • Typically small, simple cells (bacteria)
• Eukaryotic Cells:
  • Have true nucleus
  • Typically larger, more complex cells (plants, animals, fungi)

6th Grade Cell Respiration

• Cellular Respiration:
  • Process by which cells generate energy from glucose
  • Occurs in mitochondria
• Aerobic Respiration:
  • Requires oxygen (O2)
  • Produces energy (ATP) and water (H2O) as byproducts
• Anaerobic Respiration:
  • Does not require oxygen (O2)
  • Produces energy (ATP) and lactic acid as byproducts

Cell Structure

• Cell membrane is semi-permeable, regulating what enters and leaves the cell.
• Cytoplasm is a jelly-like substance inside the cell membrane, where many cellular activities occur.
• The nucleus is the control center of the cell, containing DNA (genetic material).
• Mitochondria generate energy for the cell through cellular respiration.
• Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) is responsible for protein synthesis and transport.
• Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis.
• Lysosomes facilitate cell digestion and recycling.
• Golgi Apparatus modifies and transports proteins.

Cell Types

• Prokaryotic cells lack a true nucleus and are typically small and simple (bacteria).
• Eukaryotic cells have a true nucleus and are typically larger and more complex (plants, animals, fungi).

Cell Respiration

• Cellular respiration generates energy from glucose and occurs in mitochondria.
• Aerobic respiration requires oxygen (O2) and produces energy (ATP) and water (H2O) as byproducts.
• Anaerobic respiration does not require oxygen (O2) and produces energy (ATP) and lactic acid as byproducts.