Cell Structure and Functions Quiz

Cell Structure

• Plasma membrane: Semi-permeable membrane that separates the cell from its environment
• Cytoplasm: Jelly-like substance inside the cell membrane where metabolic processes take place
• Nucleus: Control center of the cell where DNA is stored
• Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for generating energy for the cell
• Endoplasmic reticulum (ER): Network of membranous tubules and cisternae involved in protein synthesis and transport
• Ribosomes: Small organelles found throughout the cytoplasm where protein synthesis takes place
• Lysosomes: Membrane-bound sacs containing digestive enzymes that break down and recycle cellular waste and foreign substances
• Golgi apparatus: Complex of flattened sacs and tubules involved in protein modification and secretion

Cell Functions

• Metabolism: Cells carry out a variety of chemical reactions to maintain homeostasis and produce energy
• Growth and Development: Cells grow, reproduce, and differentiate to form tissues and organs
• Response to Stimuli: Cells respond to internal and external stimuli through signal transduction pathways
• Waste Management: Cells recycle and remove waste products to maintain cellular homeostasis

Cell Types

• Prokaryotic cells: Lack a true nucleus and are typically small and simple in structure (e.g., bacteria)
• Eukaryotic cells: Have a true nucleus and are typically larger and more complex in structure (e.g., plants, animals, fungi)

Cell Division

• Mitosis: Process of cell division that results in two daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell
• Meiosis: Process of cell division that results in four daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell