Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which scientist was NOT directly involved in the discovery of the components of the cell theory?
Which scientist was NOT directly involved in the discovery of the components of the cell theory?
What is the primary function of the cellular component described as the 'post office of the cell'?
What is the primary function of the cellular component described as the 'post office of the cell'?
A cell has a distinct cell wall made of peptidoglycans. What type of cell is this likely to be?
A cell has a distinct cell wall made of peptidoglycans. What type of cell is this likely to be?
Which cellular structure is responsible for the synthesis of fats and lipids?
Which cellular structure is responsible for the synthesis of fats and lipids?
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During which phase of cell division is the chromosome number reduced from diploid to haploid?
During which phase of cell division is the chromosome number reduced from diploid to haploid?
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Which of the following is NOT a nitrogenous base found in DNA?
Which of the following is NOT a nitrogenous base found in DNA?
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What is the role of lysosomes within a cell?
What is the role of lysosomes within a cell?
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Which of these cell parts is NOT freely permeable?
Which of these cell parts is NOT freely permeable?
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Which of the following cell organelles is known for having its own DNA and ribosomes?
Which of the following cell organelles is known for having its own DNA and ribosomes?
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What is a characteristic of eukaryotic cells that is NOT found in prokaryotic cells?
What is a characteristic of eukaryotic cells that is NOT found in prokaryotic cells?
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Study Notes
Cell Structure and Function
- Cells: Basic units of life, prokaryotic (bacteria, small, simple, no nucleus, circular DNA, lack membrane), eukaryotic (large, complex, unicellular or multicellular, nucleus & membrane present, linear DNA).
- Cell Wall: Plants - freely permeable, non-living, made of cellulose. Bacteria - made of peptidoglycan. Fungi - made of chitin (largest cell structure).
- Cell Membrane: Thin, elastic, selectively permeable, holds content, phospholipids, proteins, lipids (compositions, determines shape, strength, turgidity)
- Cytoplasm: Aqueous ground substance in the cell, cell organelles reside here; contains cytosol
- Nucleus: "Brain of the cell" centrally located, nuclear envelope that separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm, nuclear membrane contains pores, nucleoplasm is a liquid substance, nucleolus helps in protein synthesis.
- Mitochondria: "Powerhouse of cell", site of ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) production, has its own DNA & ribosomes, outer, porous; two-membranes, inner
- Ribosomes: Non-membrane-bound, involved in protein synthesis, numerous.
- Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): Network of tubules & sheets that transport materials, Rough ER has ribosomes for protein synthesis, Smooth ER makes fats and lipids.
- Golgi Bodies: Modifies and packages proteins, stores, cisterns arranged in stacks; cis face towards nucleus, trans face towards plasma membrane.
- Lysosomes: "Suicidal bag" of the cell, breaks down substances, forms lysosomes in Rough ER.
- Vacuoles: Stores water, nutrients, or waste, in plants, central and large
- Plastids: Only in plants, store starch, chlorophyll (chloroplasts), colour pigment (chromoplasts), oil & protein granules (leucoplasts)
- Cell Division: Mitosis (occurs in somatic cells, diploid to diploid), Meiosis (occurs in germ cells, diploid to haploid)
- Prokaryotic Cells: Lack nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
- Eukaryotic Cells: Contain nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
Cell Division
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Mitosis: Nuclear division of somatic cells (duplication of cell)
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Meiosis: Nuclear division of germ cells (reduction division with haploid cells)
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Genetic Material
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Chromosomes
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DNA structure -> Genes
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Chemical Composition of cell
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50-90% of cell volume is formed by water.
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sugars, amino acid, organic acid, etc.
Specialized Cell Structures
- Glycocalyx: Outer covering on bacteria, cell cover
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Description
Test your knowledge on cell structure and function in this quiz. Learn about prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, organelles like the nucleus and mitochondria, and the roles of cell walls and membranes. Perfect for biology students wanting to solidify their understanding of cellular biology.
