Cell Structure and Function Quiz

The nucleus is the control center of the cell, containing most of the cell's DNA, which carries the genetic instructions for the cell's activities.

DNA serves as a template for the production of mRNA. The mRNA then travels to the ribosomes, where it carries the genetic code for building proteins.

The rough ER is studded with ribosomes, which synthesize proteins. The rough ER folds and modifies these proteins before sending them to their destinations within the cell or outside the cell.

<p>Plant cells have a cell wall, chloroplasts, and a large central vacuole, which are not found in animal cells. Animal cells typically have lysosomes and centrioles, which are not found in plant cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The cytoskeleton provides structural support for the cell, helps maintain its shape, and facilitates movement of organelles and vesicles within the cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Abstract provides a concise summary of the experiment's objectives, major findings, and their significance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Introduction section sets the context for the experiment by explaining the background information, research question, and experimental approach.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It should be simplified to avoid redundancy, focusing on the essential steps for reproducibility, and avoiding unnecessary details.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Results section presents the findings of the experiment in a clear and organized way, using visuals, such as figures, to enhance communication.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>At least three figures should be included in the 'Results' section.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The 'Results' section should be logically structured, presenting the information in a way that helps the reader understand the story of the experiment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Visuals can effectively communicate data, making it easier for the reader to understand and interpret the findings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A lab report typically includes a 'Discussion' section, which interprets the results and relates them back to the research question, as well as a 'References' section that cites sources used in the report.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cells are typically too small to be seen with the naked eye. They are microscopic in size.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Microscopes enable scientists to visualize cells, which are too tiny to be seen by the naked eye.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A light microscope uses a series of glass lenses to bend and focus a beam of light that passes through an object, creating a magnified image.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Microscopes allow scientists to observe the intricate details of cellular structures and processes, leading to a deeper understanding of how cells work.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Biochemists use a variety of tools to study cells, including techniques like cell fractionation, electrophoresis, chromatography, and various forms of spectroscopy. Cell fractionation separates cell components into different fractions based on size and density, allowing researchers to isolate and analyze specific organelles and molecules.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The primary purpose of cell fractionation is to take cells apart and separate the major organelles from one another.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Centrifugation works by spinning cell homogenates at varying speeds to separate organelles based on their density.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Homogenization breaks down the cell structures to release the organelles into a mixture called homogenate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Scientists can determine the functions of various organelles by isolating them and studying their properties.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Differential centrifugation is used to isolate organelles by applying increasing centrifugal forces to separate them based on size and density.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prokaryotic cells have circular DNA, while eukaryotic cells have linear DNA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prokaryotic organisms divide through binary fission, whereas eukaryotic organisms divide through mitosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>After being released, the insulin mRNA travels to the ribosomes for translation, then the newly synthesized insulin protein is transported to the Golgi apparatus for modification.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prokaryotic organisms reproduce asexually.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ribosomes synthesize proteins using the information from mRNA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The nuclear envelope is a double membrane that separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm, regulating molecular entry and exit.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pore complexes regulate the entry and exit of molecules from the nucleus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chromosomes are discrete units of DNA organized with proteins, and they condense from chromatin during cell division.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The nucleolus is the site of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) synthesis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Free ribosomes are found in the cytosol, while bound ribosomes are attached to the endoplasmic reticulum or nuclear envelope.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The endomembrane system includes the nuclear envelope, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vacuoles, and plasma membrane.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The two regions are Smooth ER, which lacks ribosomes, and Rough ER, which is studded with ribosomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Smooth ER synthesizes lipids, metabolizes carbohydrates, detoxifies drugs and poisons, and stores calcium ions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Rough ER synthesizes proteins and distributes transport vesicles containing secretory proteins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Golgi apparatus modifies, manufactures, and sorts materials into transport vesicles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lysosomal enzymes are synthesized by the Rough ER and processed in the Golgi apparatus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phagocytosis is the process by which cells engulf large materials from outside the cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

A brief paragraph describing a figure in a report.

Cells that have internal membranes and a nucleus.

A system in eukaryotic cells that regulates protein traffic and metabolic functions.

Organelles that convert energy from one form to another, mainly in cellular respiration.

A device that magnifies images using glass lenses and light beams.

A concise, informative title for the lab report.

A summary containing goals, findings, and significance of the study.

Sets the framework for the report, including background and purpose.

Details on the procedure for the experiments conducted.

Presents findings in a clear and organized manner, includes figures.

State the main questions addressed by the experiments.

Visual representations to communicate data effectively.

Logical presentation of data in subsections.

Process of separating cellular components from each other.

A machine that spins samples to separate components by density.

The process of breaking down tissue into a uniform mixture.

A method that separates components based on density differences during spinning.

The liquid that remains above the solid residue after centrifugation.

The organelle that houses most of the DNA in eukaryotic cells.

The process where messenger RNA (mRNA) is synthesized from DNA.

The complex of DNA and proteins found in the nucleus, which condenses to form chromosomes during cell division.

Cellular structures that synthesize proteins by translating mRNA.

A dense structure within the nucleus that produces ribosomal RNA (rRNA).

Cells that do not have a nucleus and organelles like mitochondria.

The DNA in prokaryotic cells is circular in shape.

Mitosis is for eukaryotic cells; binary fission is for prokaryotic cell division.

Ribosomes in prokaryotes are smaller than those in eukaryotes.

Insulin production starts in the nucleus, moves to ribosomes, and eventually enters blood vessels.

A double membrane that surrounds and protects the nucleus.

Structures that regulate the entry and exit of molecules in the nuclear envelope.

Discrete units of DNA organized in the nucleus, forming during cell division.

Region of endoplasmic reticulum that synthesizes lipids and detoxifies substances.

Region of endoplasmic reticulum studded with ribosomes for protein secretion.

Organelle that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for transport.

Organelles that contain enzymes to digest macromolecules and waste.

Enzymes found in lysosomes that help break down biological macromolecules.

Membrane-bound sacs that transport materials within the cell.

Process by which cells engulf large particles or cells.