Biology Module Quiz: Eukaryotic vs Prokaryotic Cells

<p>Light microscope (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Eukaryotic cells have multiple linear chromosomes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To introduce basic concepts of cell biology (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Actively making notes to enhance understanding (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>70% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Designing and analyzing complex experiments (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acquiring and presenting experimental data ethically (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Processing the material actively during the lecture (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acquiring an understanding of cell and molecular biology (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anton van Leeuwenhoek (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All living things are composed of cells. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cells are the smallest living unit of structure and function. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cells arise only from pre-existing cells. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Spontaneous generation of cells occurs. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Muscle fibers and bacteria (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Theodor Schwann and Matthias Schleiden (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All cells arise from pre-existing cells. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cell (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All cells have a nucleus. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Eukaryotic cells have a defined nucleus, while prokaryotic cells do not. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Signal transduction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To synthesize proteins. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cell membrane (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They show cellular specialization. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Endosymbiotic theory (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bacilli (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Robert Hooke (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To eliminate damaged or unnecessary cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Performing various functions in the cell (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A cell membrane surrounding the cell (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Photosynthesis in all cell types (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nucleoid (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Linear and membrane-bound (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prokaryotic cells without a nucleus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transport of nutrients (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is the interior space of the cell excluding the nucleus. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Intact fluorescent molecules diffuse into the area. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In the core of the membrane. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>High genetic diversity. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is formed from lipid bilayers. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To perform specific functions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can freely move within the lipid bilayer. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They have a nuclear envelope. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acts as a fluidity buffer (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Integral proteins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cell membrane. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are dynamic and fluid. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are linked to lipids or carbohydrates. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can laterally diffuse within the membrane plane. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chloroplasts. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Its rigid structure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are amphipathic. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Membranes consist of a mosaic of various components that can move laterally. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They provide structural support by forming filaments. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To stabilize membrane structure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To allow movement of molecules between nucleus and cytoplasm (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Secretory cells typically have more rough endoplasmic reticulum than nonsecretory cells. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Post-translational modification and packaging of proteins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They contain hydrolytic enzymes for digestion. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mitochondria and chloroplasts (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Energy generation through respiration (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Functions in lipid synthesis and storage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To transport proteins to the cell membrane for secretion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They contain enzymes to digest old organelles and invaders. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They replicate DNA independently. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The fundamental idea that all living organisms are composed of cells, and that cells arise from pre-existing cells.

Living organisms consisting of a single cell, such as bacteria, yeasts, and protozoa.

Living organisms composed of many cells organized into tissues, organs, and organ systems, such as animals, plants, and fungi.

Cells vary greatly in size, from a few micrometers (like bacteria) to a millimeter or more (like a frog egg).

Spherical-shaped bacteria.

Rod-shaped bacteria.

Spiral-shaped bacteria.

An English scientist who, in 1665, discovered and named cells while observing thin slices of cork.

A Dutch draper who, in the 17th century, independently discovered cells and made significant contributions to microbiology.

A field of study focusing on the structure, function, and interactions of cells, the basic units of life. It encompasses a wide range of topics including cell structure, biological macromolecules, molecular biology, cell communication, and genetics.

The specific knowledge, understanding, and skills that students are expected to acquire by the end of a course or module. It outlines the key concepts and abilities they should possess after successful completion.

A learning strategy that involves engaging with lecture content by summarizing key points, drawing diagrams, asking questions, and making connections to previous knowledge. It helps to actively process information and enhance understanding.

An assessment method that evaluates a student's understanding of course material through a written test conducted within the classroom setting.

A written document that details the methods, results, and analysis of a scientific experiment. It showcases the student's experimental skills and scientific thinking.

The relative importance assigned to different assessment components in a course. Higher weighting indicates a greater contribution to the overall grade.

A concept highlighting the potential for underestimating the effort and preparation required for academic success. Like an iceberg, most of the work supporting success lies hidden beneath the surface, requiring dedication and diligent effort.

All cells share a similar chemical makeup and function through the same basic principles. This includes using similar molecules in similar reactions.

All living things store their genetic information, or genes, in DNA molecules. They use the same genetic code and molecular machinery to translate these instructions.

Proteins are the main output of the genetic instructions. They perform a wide variety of functions within the cell, acting as the 'activators' of cellular processes.

A fundamental cell activity is maintaining its own integrity, keeping the inside contents separate from the outside environment.

Cells need to store information to build themselves and reproduce. This information is encoded in their DNA.

Cells capture and transform energy to fuel their activities. This is essential for growth, movement, and other functions.

Cells transport substances both within themselves and across their membranes. This allows for communication and exchange of materials.

Cells divide to create new cells, allowing for growth, repair, and reproduction.

Cells can receive and respond to signals from their environment, allowing them to adapt and survive.

All cells have a surrounding membrane, called the cell membrane, that acts as a barrier and regulates what enters and exits the cell.

A type of cell characterized by a membrane-bound nucleus, multiple linear chromosomes, and various membrane-bound organelles.

A type of cell lacking a membrane-bound nucleus and other internal membrane-bound organelles. Its genetic material is organized in a single circular chromosome.

Eukaryotic ribosomes are larger (80S/18S) and found mainly outside the nucleus. Prokaryotic ribosomes are smaller (70S/16S).

A basic form of light microscopy where a sample is illuminated from below, and white light is transmitted through it. It offers low contrast and is simple to use.

A type of microscopy that uses fluorescent dyes to illuminate specific structures within a cell. The illuminating light passes through filters to excite and observe fluorescence.

Anton van Leeuwenhoek, a Dutch draper, was the first to observe and describe single-celled organisms, which he called 'animalcules.'

The Cell Theory is a fundamental principle in biology stating that all living organisms are composed of one or more cells, the cell is the basic unit of life, and all cells arise from pre-existing cells.

Theodor Schwann and Matthias Schleiden proposed that all living organisms are composed of one or more cells, and that the cell is the most basic unit of life.

Rudolf Virchow extended the Cell Theory in 1855 by stating that all cells arise only from pre-existing cells.

1. All living things are made of cells. 2. The cell is the smallest living unit of structure and function. 3. All cells arise from pre-existing cells.

This Latin phrase, meaning 'All cells from cells,' is the third principle of the Cell Theory, stating that new cells can only be produced from existing cells.

The Cell Theory revolutionized our understanding of life, disproving the idea of spontaneous generation and establishing the importance of cells as the fundamental units of all living organisms.

Spontaneous generation is a discredited theory that believed living organisms could arise from non-living matter, such as flies emerging from rotting meat.

Cells are organized into tissues, which are groups of similar cells working together. Tissues form organs, which perform specific functions, and organs collaborate to form organ systems.

All cells share a common structural organization, including a cell membrane, cytoplasm, and genetic material (DNA).

The movement of molecules within the plane of a membrane, like a boat drifting on a lake.

A model describing the structure of cell membranes as a flexible and dynamic mosaic of lipids and proteins.

Water-based environments inside and outside the cell where membrane components interact.

Specialized structures within cells that perform specific functions, like tiny factories within a cell.

Organelles formed from membranes, like the nucleus and endoplasmic reticulum.

Organelles that resemble bacteria, like mitochondria and chloroplasts.

The control center of the cell, containing DNA and responsible for regulating cellular activities.

Two membranes surrounding the nucleus, controlling the exchange of molecules between the nucleus and cytoplasm.

The genetic material that contains the instructions for building and maintaining an organism.

Organisms that lack a membrane-bound nucleus and other internal membrane-bound organelles.

Proteins that eukaryotic DNA is associated with, helping to package and organize it within the nucleus.

Openings in the nuclear envelope that allow the passage of molecules like proteins, RNA, and ions.

A network of interconnected membranes within the cytoplasm, involved in protein synthesis and lipid production.

Type of ER with ribosomes attached, responsible for protein synthesis.

Type of ER without ribosomes, involved in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism.

A stack of flattened membrane-bound sacs that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins.

Small membrane-bound sacs involved in storage and transport within the cell.

Specialized vesicles containing enzymes that break down waste materials and old organelles.

The theory that mitochondria and chloroplasts originated from free-living bacteria that were engulfed by early eukaryotic cells.

Cholesterol is a lipid found in cell membranes. It helps regulate membrane fluidity by filling spaces between phospholipids, making the membrane more rigid and less permeable.

Cholesterol, like phospholipids, is amphipathic, meaning it has both a hydrophilic (water-loving) and hydrophobic (water-fearing) part.

One type of membrane protein that spans the entire cell membrane, embedded within the lipid bilayer.

Membrane proteins that do not fully penetrate the membrane but attach to its surface, interacting with the lipid bilayer.

Membrane proteins that are not embedded in the membrane but are attached to lipids or carbohydrates within the bilayer.

Phospholipid movement from one side of the membrane to the other, which is a slow process.

Proteins within the membrane can move laterally and even rotate.

A method used to study protein mobility in cell membranes. It involves bleaching a small area of the membrane, then watching how the bleached area recovers fluorescence as proteins move back into it.