Cell Structure and Function Quiz

Cell Membrane

• Found in all cells (prokaryotic and eukaryotic)
• Controls what goes in and out of the cell
• Important for homeostasis

Cell Wall

• Found in most prokaryotic cells and some eukaryotic cells (like plant cells)
• Provides structure and protection

Centrioles

• Found in eukaryotic cells (but not in plant cells)
• Involved in cell division
• Two per centrosome
• Help form spindle fibers

Chloroplast

• Found in eukaryotic cells (but not in animal cells)
• Makes sugar for photosynthesis

Cytoplasm

• Found in all cells (prokaryotic and eukaryotic)
• Everything inside the cell except the nucleus
• Contains cytosol (jelly-like substance)

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

• Found in eukaryotic cells (both plant and animal)
• Has many folds that help transport materials around the cell
• Involved in processing molecules
• Two types: rough ER (with ribosomes, makes protein) and smooth ER (makes lipids, involved in detoxification)

Golgi Apparatus

• Found in eukaryotic cells (both plant and animal cells)
• Modifies, sorts, and packages materials for delivery
• Like a packaging facility

Lysosome

• Found in eukaryotic cells (usually animal cells)
• Contains enzymes that break down substances
• Acts like a wrecking ball or like an enzyme grenade

Mitochondria

• Found in eukaryotic cells (both plant and animal cells)
• Makes ATP (energy currency) through cellular respiration

Nucleus

• Found in eukaryotic cells (both plant and animal)
• Houses DNA
• Controls cell activities

Ribosomes

• Found in all cells (prokaryotic and eukaryotic)
• Make protein

Vacuole

• Found in eukaryotic cells (both plant and animal cells)
• Stores materials like water, proteins, and waste
• Usually one large central vacuole in plant cells. Multiple smaller vacuoles in animal cells.

Cell Membrane

• Found in all cells, including prokaryotes and eukaryotes
• Acts as a barrier, controlling what enters and exits the cell
• Crucial for maintaining homeostasis (keeping the cell's internal environment stable)

Cell Wall

• Present in most prokaryotes and some eukaryotes, such as plant cells
• Provides structural support and protection, giving the cell its shape

Centrioles

• Found in eukaryotic cells but absent in plant cells
• Play a crucial role in cell division by helping to form spindle fibers
• Two centrioles form a structure called a centrosome

Chloroplast

• Found in eukaryotic cells but not in animal cells, primarily present in plant cells
• Responsible for photosynthesis, converting sunlight into energy-rich sugars

Cytoplasm

• Found in all cells, including prokaryotes and eukaryotes
• Represents everything inside the cell except the nucleus
• Composed of cytosol, a jelly-like substance that supports organelles and facilitates cellular processes

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

• Found in eukaryotic cells, both plant and animal cells
• Network of interconnected membranes that transport materials throughout the cell
• Plays a role in processing molecules
• Rough ER, studded with ribosomes, synthesizes proteins
• Smooth ER, lacking ribosomes, synthesizes lipids and detoxifies substances

Golgi Apparatus

• Found in eukaryotic cells, both plant and animal cells
• Organelle responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging materials for delivery within the cell or out of the cell
• Functions like a packaging facility, ensuring efficient delivery of cellular products

Lysosome

• Found in eukaryotic cells, primarily in animal cells
• Contains powerful enzymes that break down cellular waste products and worn-out organelles
• Functions like a wrecking ball, degrading unwanted materials and maintaining cellular cleanliness

Mitochondria

• Found in eukaryotic cells, both plant and animal cells
• The powerhouse of the cell, responsible for producing ATP (adenosine triphosphate) through cellular respiration, providing the cell with energy

Nucleus

• Found in eukaryotic cells, both plant and animal cells
• Contains the cell's DNA (genetic material)
• Controls all cellular activities by regulating gene expression

Ribosomes

• Found in all cells, including prokaryotes and eukaryotes
• Tiny organelles responsible for protein synthesis, translating genetic information into functional proteins

Vacuole

• Found in eukaryotic cells, both plant and animal cells
• Storage units that hold water, proteins, and waste products
• Plant cells typically have one large central vacuole, while animal cells have multiple smaller vacuoles