Cell Structure and Function Quiz

Cell Membrane

• Found in all cells (prokaryotic and eukaryotic)
• Controls what goes in and out of the cell
• Important for homeostasis

Cell Wall

• Found in most prokaryotic cells and some eukaryotic cells (like plant cells)
• Provides structure and protection

Centrioles

• Found in eukaryotic cells (but not in plant cells)
• Involved in cell division
• Two per centrosome
• Help form spindle fibers

Chloroplast

• Found in eukaryotic cells (but not in animal cells)
• Makes sugar for photosynthesis

Cytoplasm

• Found in all cells (prokaryotic and eukaryotic)
• Everything inside the cell except the nucleus
• Contains cytosol (jelly-like substance)

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

• Found in eukaryotic cells (both plant and animal)
• Has many folds that help transport materials around the cell
• Involved in processing molecules
• Two types: rough ER (with ribosomes, makes protein) and smooth ER (makes lipids, involved in detoxification)

Golgi Apparatus

• Found in eukaryotic cells (both plant and animal cells)
• Modifies, sorts, and packages materials for delivery
• Like a packaging facility

Lysosome

• Found in eukaryotic cells (usually animal cells)
• Contains enzymes that break down substances
• Acts like a wrecking ball or like an enzyme grenade

Mitochondria

• Found in eukaryotic cells (both plant and animal cells)
• Makes ATP (energy currency) through cellular respiration

Nucleus

• Found in eukaryotic cells (both plant and animal)
• Houses DNA
• Controls cell activities

Ribosomes

• Found in all cells (prokaryotic and eukaryotic)
• Make protein

Vacuole

• Found in eukaryotic cells (both plant and animal cells)
• Stores materials like water, proteins, and waste
• Usually one large central vacuole in plant cells. Multiple smaller vacuoles in animal cells.

Cell Membrane

• Found in all cells, including prokaryotes and eukaryotes
• Acts as a barrier, controlling what enters and exits the cell
• Crucial for maintaining homeostasis (keeping the cell's internal environment stable)

Cell Wall

• Present in most prokaryotes and some eukaryotes, such as plant cells
• Provides structural support and protection, giving the cell its shape

Centrioles

• Found in eukaryotic cells but absent in plant cells
• Play a crucial role in cell division by helping to form spindle fibers
• Two centrioles form a structure called a centrosome

Chloroplast

• Found in eukaryotic cells but not in animal cells, primarily present in plant cells
• Responsible for photosynthesis, converting sunlight into energy-rich sugars

Cytoplasm

• Found in all cells, including prokaryotes and eukaryotes
• Represents everything inside the cell except the nucleus
• Composed of cytosol, a jelly-like substance that supports organelles and facilitates cellular processes

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

• Found in eukaryotic cells, both plant and animal cells
• Network of interconnected membranes that transport materials throughout the cell
• Plays a role in processing molecules
• Rough ER, studded with ribosomes, synthesizes proteins
• Smooth ER, lacking ribosomes, synthesizes lipids and detoxifies substances

Golgi Apparatus

• Found in eukaryotic cells, both plant and animal cells
• Organelle responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging materials for delivery within the cell or out of the cell
• Functions like a packaging facility, ensuring efficient delivery of cellular products

Lysosome

• Found in eukaryotic cells, primarily in animal cells
• Contains powerful enzymes that break down cellular waste products and worn-out organelles
• Functions like a wrecking ball, degrading unwanted materials and maintaining cellular cleanliness

Mitochondria

• Found in eukaryotic cells, both plant and animal cells
• The powerhouse of the cell, responsible for producing ATP (adenosine triphosphate) through cellular respiration, providing the cell with energy

Nucleus

• Found in eukaryotic cells, both plant and animal cells
• Contains the cell's DNA (genetic material)
• Controls all cellular activities by regulating gene expression

Ribosomes

• Found in all cells, including prokaryotes and eukaryotes
• Tiny organelles responsible for protein synthesis, translating genetic information into functional proteins

Vacuole

• Found in eukaryotic cells, both plant and animal cells
• Storage units that hold water, proteins, and waste products
• Plant cells typically have one large central vacuole, while animal cells have multiple smaller vacuoles

Test your knowledge on the various structures within cells, including the cell membrane, cell wall, and organelles like chloroplasts and the Golgi apparatus. This quiz will help you understand their functions and significance in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.