Cell Structure and Function Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which organelle is primarily responsible for producing energy in both plant and animal cells?

  • Mitochondrion (correct)
  • Lysosome
  • Golgi Apparatus
  • Ribosome

What is the main function of chloroplasts in plant cells?

  • Energy production
  • Cell division
  • Protein synthesis
  • Photosynthesis (correct)

Which of these structures is present in plant cells but absent in animal cells?

  • Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
  • Mitochondria
  • Nucleus
  • Cell Wall (correct)

What is the primary function of epithelial tissue in cheek cells?

<p>Keeping food in the mouth and protecting the lining (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do ribosomes play in the cell?

<p>Synthesis of proteins (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cellular function is primarily performed by blood cells?

<p>Transporting substances throughout the body (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of nerve cells?

<p>Sending electrical impulses throughout the body (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

<p>Lipid synthesis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the structure of the cell membrane contribute to its function?

<p>It allows selective permeability. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which function is associated with the excretory system?

<p>Removal of liquid waste (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of lysosomes in the cell?

<p>Digestion of cellular waste (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the fundamental purpose of cell division?

<p>To grow, repair, and reproduce (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which location do lymph gland cells primarily function?

<p>Neck, chest, abdomen, and groin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the cytoskeleton is primarily involved in maintaining cell shape?

<p>Microtubules (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the function of the nucleus?

<p>Control center of the cell. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following organs is part of the digestive system?

<p>Liver (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of voluntary muscle cells?

<p>Allowing various movements and voluntary control (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the large central vacuole in plant cells?

<p>Storage of nutrients and waste products. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which system is primarily responsible for gas exchange in the body?

<p>Respiratory (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins for secretion?

<p>Golgi Apparatus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is NOT part of the skeletal system?

<p>Muscle (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of centrioles during cell division?

<p>Organizing the mitotic spindle. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes prokaryotic cells from eukaryotic cells?

<p>Presence of a nucleus. (C), Presence of membrane-bound organelles. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of platelets in the blood?

<p>Clotting blood to stop bleeding (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which system helps defend the body against foreign substances?

<p>Lymphatic/immune system (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cell is primarily involved in transporting substances in the body?

<p>Blood cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term refers to the food after it has been processed in the stomach?

<p>Chyme (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the digestive system is responsible for absorbing water and mineral salts?

<p>Large Intestine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is undigested food eliminated from the body?

<p>Temporary storage in the rectum (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the state of undigested food as it exits the body?

<p>Feces (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What digestive substances are produced in the pancreas?

<p>Amylase, lipase, and protease (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs when foreign substances enter the respiratory system?

<p>They can lead to inflammation and respiratory issues. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the diaphragm during inhalation?

<p>It contracts and moves downwards. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly differentiates between breathing and respiration?

<p>Breathing is the exchange of gases, whereas respiration involves cellular metabolism. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect would thickened capillary walls have on gas exchange?

<p>Gas exchange would be impaired. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do the salivary glands play in digestion?

<p>They secrete saliva containing enzymes for chemical digestion. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the diaphragm during exhalation?

<p>It relaxes and moves upwards. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organ is responsible for producing bile?

<p>Liver (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which digestive organ primarily facilitates chemical digestion?

<p>Small Intestine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the trachea in the respiratory system?

<p>It transports air to and from the lungs. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the digestive tract is primarily responsible for actual nutrient absorption?

<p>Small Intestine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Cell Theory

A unifying concept in biology stating that all living things are composed of cells, cells are the basic units of structure and function in living organisms, and new cells are produced from existing cells.

Cellular Respiration

A process that releases energy from glucose in the presence of oxygen. It converts glucose and oxygen to carbon dioxide and water.

Animal Cell

A eukaryotic cell lacking a cell wall and possessing membrane-bound organelles characteristic of animal species.

Plant Cell

A eukaryotic cell characterized by a rigid cell wall, chloroplasts (for photosynthesis), and a large central vacuole.

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Cell Plasma Membrane

The outer boundary of a cell, regulating the entry and exit of molecules into and out of the cell.

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Cytoplasm

The jelly-like substance filling the space between the cell membrane and the nucleus.

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Mitochondria

Organelles that generate energy (ATP) for the cell through cellular respiration.

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Nucleus

The control center of the cell, containing the cell's genetic material (DNA).

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Ribosomes

Cellular components that synthesize proteins.

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Chloroplasts

Organelles responsible for photosynthesis, converting sunlight into energy for the cell.

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Cell Wall

Rigid outer layer of plant cells, providing support and protection.

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Large Central Vacuole

A large fluid-filled sac in plant cells, providing storage and structural support.

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Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Network of membranes involved in protein synthesis, transport, and lipid metabolism.

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Eukaryotic Cell

A type of cell that has a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.

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Cheek Cell

A skin/epithelial cell located inside the mouth.

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Blood Cell

A cell in the blood that aids in transport of substances.

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Lymph Gland Cell

A cell that is part of the lymphatic system involved in fighting infection.

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Bone Cell

A cell that makes up bone tissue, which supports and protects the body.

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Muscle Cell (Skeletal)

A cell that allows for voluntary movements in the body.

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Muscle Cell (Smooth)

A cell that handles involuntary movements within the body.

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Nerve Cell

A cell that transmits electrical signals throughout the body.

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DNA

Deoxyribonucleic acid; the molecule that carries genetic instructions.

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Gene

A segment of DNA that codes for a specific protein.

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Cell Division

Process by which a cell divides into two daughter cells.

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What is the function of the large intestine?

The large intestine primarily absorbs water and mineral salts from the undigested food, leading to the formation of stool.

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What is the difference between chyme and stool?

Chyme is the frothy liquid that leaves the stomach, while stool is the soft mass formed in the large intestine after most water is absorbed.

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What is the role of the rectum?

The rectum temporarily stores undigested food (feces) before it is eliminated from the body.

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What does the term 'bolus' refer to?

A bolus is the food mass in the mouth and esophagus after chewing.

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What is the difference between mechanical and chemical digestion?

Mechanical digestion physically breaks down food into smaller pieces (like chewing), while chemical digestion uses enzymes to break down food molecules (like saliva breaking down carbohydrates).

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What happens when foreign substances enter the respiratory system?

The body tries to remove the foreign substances through mechanisms like coughing or sneezing.

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What is Asthma?

A respiratory condition causing difficulty breathing due to narrowed airways.

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Diaphragm during Inhalation

The diaphragm contracts and flattens, increasing lung volume.

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Diaphragm during Exhalation

The diaphragm relaxes and returns to its dome shape, decreasing lung volume.

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Breathing vs. Respiration

Breathing refers to air movement in and out of the lungs, while respiration involves the exchange of gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) throughout the body.

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Thickened capillary walls effect

Reduced gas exchange efficiency, leading to oxygen deprivation and potentially serious health issues.

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Mouth/Nose function

Entry point for air into the respiratory system.

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Larynx function

Voice production and air passage.

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Trachea function

Air passage from the larynx to the lungs.

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Alveoli function

Tiny air sacs in lungs where gas exchange occurs

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Study Notes

Cell Structure and Function

  • All living things are made of cells
  • Cells are the simplest form that can carry out all life processes
  • Cells are made up of cells by division
  • Cells use energy
  • Cells store materials
  • Cells communicate
  • Cells remove waste
  • Cells transport materials
  • Cells reproduce

Cellular Respiration

  • Cellular respiration = Carbon dioxide (CO2) + Water (H2O) → Oxygen (O2) + Glucose (C6H12O6)

Animal Cell

  • Cell Membrane: Covers and protects the cell
  • Golgi Apparatus: Sorts and sends materials
  • Centrosome: Involved in cell division
  • Vacuole: Stores materials
  • Mitochondrion: Makes energy
  • Nucleus: Controls the cell's activities and holds DNA
  • Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum: Makes lipids.
  • Lysosome: Breaks down waste.
  • Cytoplasm: A gel-like substance holding/supporting the organelles.
  • Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum: Makes proteins
  • Ribosomes: Make proteins
  • Nucleolus: Makes ribosomes
  • Nuclear Membrane: Protects the nucleus
  • Nucleus: Contains genetic information (DNA)

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Cell Theory and Cell Activities PDF

Description

Test your knowledge on cell structure and function, including the roles of various organelles and the process of cellular respiration. This quiz covers essential concepts vital for understanding biology. Perfect for students studying basic cellular biology.

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