Cell Structure and Function Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What structure in compact bone contains blood vessels and nerves?

Osteon

Central canal (correct)

Canaliculi

Lacunae

Which of the following statements about osteocytes is true?

They are located in the central canal.

They occupy the lacunae. (correct)

They are responsible for producing the bone matrix.

They form the concentric lamellae.

What is the primary function of canaliculi in bone structure?

To hold blood vessels in place.

To provide structural support to the bone.

To facilitate nutrient and waste exchange between osteocytes. (correct)

To connect the periosteum to the central canal.

What term describes the concentric layers of bone matrix surrounding each central canal?

Lamellae Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the periosteum in bone structure?

It acts as a connective tissue covering for the bone. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of tight junctions in epithelial cells?

Seal off intercellular space Signup and view all the answers

Which component of desmosomes plays a significant role in resisting mechanical stress?

J-shaped proteins from the cytoskeleton Signup and view all the answers

What is true about gap junctions?

They allow for fluid and electrolyte movement between cells. Signup and view all the answers

How do hemidesmosomes function in epithelial tissues?

They anchor basal cells to the basement membrane. Signup and view all the answers

Which feature distinguishes gap junctions from tight junctions and desmosomes?

Formation of a water-filled pore Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the centrally located nucleus in cell sectioning?

It helps identify the type of cell. Signup and view all the answers

What might happen if a slice of a cell misses the nucleus?

The cell can appear incomplete. Signup and view all the answers

Why is the size of the nucleus important in cell sectioning?

It helps diagnose diseases. Signup and view all the answers

What does a cross-section of a hollow structure reveal?

The internal contents of the organ. Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes a longitudinal section from a cross section?

Longitudinal sections follow the organ's length. Signup and view all the answers

What can affect the appearance of a cell nucleus in sectioning?

The thickness of the slice. Signup and view all the answers

What might be an outcome of an inaccurately cut slice through a tubular organ?

Misinterpretation of the organ’s function. Signup and view all the answers

What is a common aspect to observe in sections of tubular organs?

The arrangement of layers within the wall. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of holocrine glands?

They disintegrate entirely to release their contents. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the cutaneous membrane?

It is the largest membrane that serves a protective function and is relatively dry. Signup and view all the answers

What type of tissue forms the serous membrane?

Simple squamous epithelium over areolar tissue. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of mucous membranes?

To line passageways that open to the external environment. Signup and view all the answers

Which membrane is specifically associated with lining joint cavities?

Synovial membrane Signup and view all the answers

What role do mast cells play in the response to a wound?

They release histamine to promote blood flow. Signup and view all the answers

What happens to blood vessels during the inflammatory response to a wound?

They dilate to increase blood flow. Signup and view all the answers

What components are carried by blood plasma that seeps into a wound?

Antibodies and clotting proteins. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of the inflammatory response to a wound?

Reduces blood flow to the area. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the initial response to a severed blood vessel is accurate?

It results in bleeding into the wound area. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cell Sectioning

Cells can be sectioned into slices, often revealing a centrally located nucleus.
Variability in slices can lead to some missing the nucleus or showing a reduced size.

Bone Structure

Compact bone consists of cylinders called osteons that encircle central (Haversian) canals.
Central canals run longitudinally and house blood vessels and nerves.
Bone matrix is structured in concentric lamellae, resembling layers of an onion.
Osteocytes are mature bone cells found in lacunae; they communicate via canaliculi, delicate canals linking lacunae.

Connective Tissue Membranes

Periosteum is a tough fibrous connective tissue that covers bones.
Various types of membranes line body cavities; key types include:
- Cutaneous membrane: The skin, serving as a protective dry barrier.
- Mucous membrane (mucosa): Lines openings to the external environment.
- Serous membrane (serosa): Simple squamous epithelium over areolar tissue; produces serous fluid.
- Endothelium: Lines blood vessels and the heart.
- Mesothelium: Lines body cavities like the pericardium and pleura.
- Synovial membrane: Connective tissue lining joint cavities, secreting synovial fluid.

Cell Junctions

Tight Junctions: Encircle epithelial cells, sealing intercellular space and preventing passage between cells.
Desmosomes: Structural patches that hold cells together, resisting mechanical stress. Hemidesmosomes anchor basal epithelial cells to the basement membrane.
Gap Junctions: Formed by connexons (transmembrane proteins) allowing communication between cells, facilitating the transfer of ions and small molecules.

Holocrine Glands

Holocrine glands accumulate secretory products until the entire cell disintegrates, secreting a combination of cell fragments and synthesized substances (e.g., oil glands in the scalp).

Wound Healing Process

Following injury, severed blood vessels lead to bleeding; mast cells release histamine, dilating blood vessels.
Increased blood flow enhances permeability of capillaries, allowing plasma (containing antibodies, clotting proteins, and blood cells) to seep into the wound, aiding in the healing process.

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Description

Test your knowledge on cellular anatomy with this quiz focusing on cell structure, particularly those with centrally located nuclei. Understand the importance of cell sectioning for studying their components and functions. Analyze slices effectively to avoid missing any cellular details.