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Questions and Answers
Which of the following is a key difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?
Which of the following is a key difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?
- Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-enclosed organelles, such as the nucleus, while prokaryotic cells do not. (correct)
- Prokaryotic cells are typically multicellular, while eukaryotic cells are unicellular.
- Eukaryotic cells lack a cell membrane.
- Prokaryotic cells have membrane-enclosed organelles, including a nucleus.
According to the cell theory, which statement is the MOST accurate?
According to the cell theory, which statement is the MOST accurate?
- All living organisms are composed of one or more cells. (correct)
- Cells can only come from pre-existing viruses.
- Cells can spontaneously generate from non-living matter.
- All cells are fundamentally different in structure and function.
Which of the following describes the role of the cell membrane?
Which of the following describes the role of the cell membrane?
- It provides the cell with energy through cellular respiration.
- It separates the inside of the cell from the external environment. (correct)
- It synthesizes proteins for the cell.
- It houses the genetic material of the cell (DNA).
What is the primary function of ribosomes within a cell?
What is the primary function of ribosomes within a cell?
Which organelle is responsible for modifying and packaging proteins?
Which organelle is responsible for modifying and packaging proteins?
How do microfilaments contribute to the function of the cytoskeleton?
How do microfilaments contribute to the function of the cytoskeleton?
What is the function of vacuoles in plant cells?
What is the function of vacuoles in plant cells?
Which of the following organelles is responsible for generating energy in the form of ATP through cellular respiration?
Which of the following organelles is responsible for generating energy in the form of ATP through cellular respiration?
What is the main role of lysosomes in a cell?
What is the main role of lysosomes in a cell?
Where does photosynthesis happen in plant cells?
Where does photosynthesis happen in plant cells?
Flashcards
Cell Theory
Cell Theory
All living things are made of cells; cells are the functional units of organisms; cells arise from pre-existing cells.
Cell Membrane
Cell Membrane
Separates the interior of the cell from the outside environment.
Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm
A jelly-like fluid that fills the cell.
DNA
DNA
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Eukaryotic cells
Eukaryotic cells
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Prokaryotic cells
Prokaryotic cells
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Organelles
Organelles
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Nucleus
Nucleus
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Ribosome
Ribosome
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Smooth ER
Smooth ER
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Study Notes
- All living things consist of cells
- A cell is the basic structural and functional unit of organisms
- All cells originate from pre-existing cells
Shared Cell Components
- Cell membrane separates the cell's interior from the outside environment
- Cytoplasm is a jelly-like fluid within the cell
- DNA is the cell's genetic material
Eukaryotic Cells
- Eukaryotic cells are more advanced cells containing organelles
- Organelles include structures like the nucleus, Golgi apparatus, and mitochondria
- Typically multicellular and found in plants and animals
Prokaryotic Cells
- Prokaryotic cells: lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
- Genetic material isn't enclosed within a nucleus
- Unicellular organisms
Organelles
- Organelles: the cell's small organs each with specific functions
- Nucleus: the cell's control centre, containing genetic material
- Chromatin: DNA in a tangled, spread-out form found inside the nucleus
- Nucleolus: located within the nucleus, responsible for ribosome production
- Ribosomes: synthesize proteins and attach to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
- Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): modifies proteins and makes lipids
- Rough ER has ribosomes attached
- Smooth ER: does not have ribosomes
Golgi Apparatus
- Golgi Apparatus: receives vesicles and processes proteins into usable forms
- Vacuoles: sac-like structures that store materials
Vacuoles in cells
- Plant cells: feature a large central vacuole for water storage
- Animal cells: have several smaller vacuoles
- Lysosomes: act as the cell's garbage collectors, breaking down damaged or worn-out parts.
Mitochondria
- Mitochondria: the powerhouse of the cell
- Carries out cellular respiration
- Produces ATP (energy) molecules
- Cells needing more energy have higher amounts of mitochondria
Cytoskeleton
- Cytoskeleton: maintains the cell's shape and internal organization
- Composed of thread-like microfilaments made of protein
- Also includes microtubioles: thin, hollow tubes
Additional Cell Structures
- Photoautotrophic organisms: can capture sunlight for energy
- Chloroplast: location of photosynthesis in plant cells, containing the green pigment chlorophyll
- Plant cells also have a cell wall outside of the cell membrane
- Cell wall: provides shape and structure to the cell
Cell and Tissue Organization
- Levels of organization: Organelles -> cells -> tissues -> organs -> organ systems -> organism
- Epithelial tissue: covers body surfaces
- Muscle tissue: contracts and relaxes
- Glandular tissue: makes and secretes chemicals
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