35 Questions
Which type of cell lacks a membrane-bound nucleus and organelles?
Prokaryotic cells
What is the basic unit of life?
Cells
According to cell theory, where do cells come from?
Preexisting cells
Which domain contains organisms with eukaryotic cells?
Eukarya
What is the function of ribosomes in a cell?
Protein synthesis
Which type of cells have a membrane-bound nucleus and membranous organelles?
Eukaryotic cells
What is the term for the genetic material in a cell that carries the instructions for cell function?
Chromosomes
What is the main function of the nucleus in a eukaryotic cell?
Genetic control
What is the term for the basic units of structure and function in organisms?
Cells
What is the term for the process of cells self-reproducing?
Cell division
What are the two types of cells existing in nature?
Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic cells
What is the term for cells that lack a membrane-bound nucleus and organelles?
Prokaryotic cells
What is the main function of smooth ER?
Detoxification of drugs and poisons
Which organelle is responsible for receiving, modifying, storing, and shipping products of the ER?
Golgi Apparatus
Where do the secretory vesicles go after departing from the Golgi apparatus?
Plasma membrane
What is the main function of lysosomes?
Digesting macromolecules
In what process do lysosomes use their hydrolytic enzymes to recycle the cell's own organic material?
Autophagy
What type of membrane-bound vesicles contain specialized enzymes to perform specific metabolic functions?
Microbodies
What toxic molecule is broken down by the enzyme catalase in peroxisomes?
$H_2O_2$
What do plant vacuoles contain besides water?
$C_6H_{12}O_6$
What is the main function of the Golgi apparatus?
Macromolecule modification
What do transport vesicles move from the ER to the Golgi apparatus?
Protein-filled vesicles
Which organelle continuously maintains a low pH and contains powerful hydrolytic enzymes?
Lysosomes
What is the primary role of microbodies in eukaryotic cells?
Performing specific metabolic functions
Which theory proposes that mitochondria and chloroplasts were independent prokaryotes that took up residence in a eukaryotic cell?
Endosymbiotic theory
What is the function of the nuclear envelope?
To enclose the nucleus and separate its contents from the cytoplasm
What is the primary function of ribosomes in the cell?
Protein synthesis
What is the role of a nucleolus in a eukaryotic cell?
Synthesizing ribosomal RNA (rRNA) from instructions in the DNA
What is the structure that contains thread-like structures known as chromatin in a eukaryotic cell?
Nucleus
What is a characteristic feature of chromosomes in a eukaryotic cell?
They carry genetic information
What is the function of the endomembrane system in a eukaryotic cell?
Compartmentalize the cell for specific enzymatic reactions
Where does protein synthesis occur in a eukaryotic cell?
Ribosomes in the cytoplasm
What are the two distinct regions of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in a eukaryotic cell?
Rough ER and Smooth ER
What is contained within a vesicle in a eukaryotic cell?
Molecules being transported within the endomembrane system
What is the primary function of free ribosomes in a eukaryotic cell?
Make proteins that function within the cytoplasm
Test your knowledge on the structure and function of a eukaryotic cell's organelles, including the nucleus, chromosomes, and ribosomes. This quiz covers the basic concepts of cell biology, as well as the reading material from 'Biology' by Sylvia S. Mader.
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