Cell Structure and Components
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Questions and Answers

What is the main function of the plasma membrane?

  • To synthesize proteins
  • To generate energy for the cell
  • To store genetic material
  • To regulate what enters and leaves the cell (correct)
  • What is the jelly-like substance inside the cell membrane?

  • Lysosomes
  • Nucleus
  • Mitochondria
  • Cytoplasm (correct)
  • What is the site of protein synthesis in a cell?

  • Endoplasmic reticulum
  • Lysosomes
  • Ribosomes (correct)
  • Mitochondria
  • What is the function of lysosomes in a cell?

    <p>To break down and recycle cellular waste</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

    <p>The presence of a true nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the main functions of a cell?

    <p>To respond to stimuli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Structure of a Cell

    • A cell is the basic structural and functional unit of life
    • Consists of three main components:
      • Plasma membrane (cell membrane)
      • Cytoplasm
      • Genetic material (DNA or RNA)

    Plasma Membrane (Cell Membrane)

    • Thin layer of lipid and protein molecules that surrounds the cell
    • Semi-permeable, allowing certain substances to pass through
    • Regulates what enters and leaves the cell
    • Maintains cell shape and provides mechanical support

    Cytoplasm

    • Jelly-like substance inside the cell membrane
    • Made up of water, salts, sugars, and various organelles
    • Site of many metabolic processes, including protein synthesis, cell signaling, and cell division

    Organelles

    • Specialized structures within the cytoplasm that perform specific functions
    • Examples:
      • Nucleus: contains genetic material (DNA)
      • Mitochondria: generates energy for the cell through cellular respiration
      • Ribosomes: site of protein synthesis
      • Lysosomes: contains digestive enzymes for breaking down and recycling cellular waste
      • Endoplasmic reticulum (ER): involved in protein synthesis, folding, and transport

    Cell Types

    • Prokaryotic cells: lack a true nucleus, found in bacteria and archaea
    • Eukaryotic cells: have a true nucleus, found in plants, animals, fungi, and protists

    Cell Functions

    • Growth and development
    • Reproduction
    • Response to stimuli
    • Metabolism (energy production and nutrient uptake)
    • Waste management
    • Cell signaling and communication

    Cell Structure

    • Cell is the basic structural and functional unit of life
    • Composed of three main components: plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and genetic material (DNA or RNA)

    Plasma Membrane

    • Thin layer of lipid and protein molecules surrounding the cell
    • Semi-permeable, allowing certain substances to pass through
    • Regulates cell's internal environment and maintains cell shape

    Cytoplasm

    • Jelly-like substance inside the cell membrane
    • Composed of water, salts, sugars, and various organelles
    • Site of metabolic processes, including protein synthesis, cell signaling, and cell division

    Organelles

    • Specialized structures within the cytoplasm
    • Perform specific functions:
      • Nucleus: contains genetic material (DNA)
      • Mitochondria: generates energy through cellular respiration
      • Ribosomes: site of protein synthesis
      • Lysosomes: contains digestive enzymes for breaking down cellular waste
      • Endoplasmic reticulum (ER): involved in protein synthesis, folding, and transport

    Cell Types

    • Prokaryotic cells: lack a true nucleus, found in bacteria and archaea
    • Eukaryotic cells: have a true nucleus, found in plants, animals, fungi, and protists

    Cellular Functions

    • Growth and development
    • Reproduction
    • Response to stimuli
    • Metabolism: energy production and nutrient uptake
    • Waste management
    • Cell signaling and communication

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    Description

    Learn about the basic structure and components of a cell, including the plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and genetic material.

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