6 Questions
What characteristic distinguishes eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic cells?
Presence of a nucleus
In terms of size, how many times smaller are prokaryotic cells compared to eukaryotic cells?
1 to 10
What cellular component is unique to plant cells when compared to animal cells?
Chloroplasts
Which organism would most likely have permanent vacuoles filled with cell sap?
Plants
Which type of genetic material arrangement is characteristic of bacteria cells?
Genetic material in a circular loop in the cytoplasm
What is the function of mitochondria in animal cells?
Energy production
Study Notes
- Living organisms are made up of cells, which can be unicellular (like bacteria) or multicellular (like plants and animals).
- Organisms are classified as eukaryotes (animals, plants, fungi) or prokaryotes (bacteria), based on how their genetic material is stored.
- Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus to store genetic material, while prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus.
- Prokaryotic cells are smaller (around 1 micrometer) compared to eukaryotic cells (around 10 to 100 micrometers).
- Sizes can be converted between micrometers, millimeters, and meters by multiplying or dividing by a thousand.
- Orders of magnitude can be used to compare sizes (e.g., plant cell 10 times bigger than bacterial cell = one order of magnitude difference).
- Animal cells have cell membranes, cytoplasm, nucleus, mitochondria, and ribosomes for various functions.
- Plant cells have additional structures like cell walls (cellulose), permanent vacuoles (cell sap), and chloroplasts for photosynthesis with chlorophyll.
- Bacteria cells contain cell membranes, cytoplasm, ribosomes, and cell walls, but lack a nucleus and have genetic material in a circular loop in the cytoplasm.
Test your knowledge about the structures and classifications of cells. Learn about the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, the functions of various cell organelles in animal and plant cells, and the sizes of cells in different organisms.
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