Cell Structure and Classification Quiz

Cell Structure and Function

• Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, as seen in bacteria
• Eukaryotic cells, present in fungi, animals, and plants, have a nucleus and organelles enclosed by membranes
• Cells are the fundamental unit of life, capable of all life activities and arising from pre-existing cells through mitosis
• Cell membranes regulate the entry and exit of substances, while cytoplasm supports and protects organelles
• The nucleus controls cellular activities and houses genetic material in the form of chromosomes and DNA
• Nucleoli within the nucleus produce ribosomes, essential for protein synthesis
• Chromosomes, containing DNA, play a significant role in cell division and control hereditary characteristics
• Mitochondria generate energy for the cell through cellular respiration
• Vacuoles store food, water, and waste, with plant cells featuring a large central vacuole and animal cells containing smaller vacuoles
• Lysosomes break down large food molecules into smaller ones
• Ribosomes, either free-floating or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum, are responsible for protein production
• Cells exhibit information retention and transfer through genes, and cellular activities are powered by energy transformation in the form of cellular respiration