3:Cell Specialization and Organelles 4.03

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Questions and Answers

What is the function of the selectively permeable boundary surrounding the cell?

  • To store genetic information
  • To control the entry and exit of nutrients and waste (correct)
  • To synthesize macromolecules such as proteins
  • To produce energy through cellular respiration

Which organelle is primarily involved in energy metabolism through cellular respiration?

  • Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
  • Nucleus
  • Mitochondria (correct)
  • Golgi apparatus

What is the primary role of the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum?

  • To store genetic information
  • To metabolize energy
  • To package proteins
  • To synthesize proteins (correct)

What macromolecule is primarily found in the nucleus and serves as the storage site of genetic information?

<p>DNA (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the function of the Golgi apparatus?

<p>It packages and modifies proteins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the cell membrane?

<p>To control the movement of substances in and out of the cell (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What differentiates prokaryotic cells from eukaryotic cells?

<p>The presence of a nucleus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do macromolecules play in organelle formation?

<p>They can be structural components (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cell is specialized for transmission of signals?

<p>Nerve cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is significant about specialized cells in multicellular organisms?

<p>They contribute to specific tissue functions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do plant cells differ from animal cells?

<p>Plant cells contain chloroplasts (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do macromolecules play in the hierarchy of biological systems?

<p>They form organelles that constitute cells. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the emergent property of the cellular level of organization?

<p>Cells work together to create tissues and organs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT typically a function of organelles?

<p>Immune response (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which level of biological organization directly follows organelles?

<p>Tissues (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an emergent property in a multicellular organism?

<p>A trait that results from interactions among different levels of the biological hierarchy. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do hierarchical structures contribute to specialization in living organisms?

<p>They support the function of specialized cells through organized complexity. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of the hierarchy leading to the formation of cells?

<p>Tissues (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are organelles primarily responsible for?

<p>Carrying out basic life processes in cells. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the initial building blocks of life as per the biological hierarchy?

<p>Atoms (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way do biological systems rely on emergent properties?

<p>They rely on interactions at higher hierarchical levels for complex functions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Cell Membrane

A selectively permeable membrane surrounding the cell, controlling the entry and exit of nutrients and waste. It consists of fats, proteins, and a small amount of carbohydrates.

Nucleus

The control center of the cell containing genetic information in the form of DNA.

Mitochondria

The site of energy metabolism (cellular respiration). It contains enzymes that help break down fuel to produce energy.

Cytoplasm

The fluid-like substance within the cell that provides shape and serves as the location for many important reactions.

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Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough ER)

A network of membranes involved in protein synthesis. The Rough ER is studded with ribosomes, which are the sites of protein production.

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Tissue

A group of similar cells that work together to perform a specific function.

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Cell

The basic unit of life, composed of various organelles.

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Organelles

Specialized structures within a cell that perform specific functions.

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Hierarchical Structure

The arrangement of parts within a system, where each level builds upon the previous one.

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Emergent Properties

Specialized functions that emerge from the interaction of components at different levels of organization.

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Cell Specialisation

The ability of cells to develop specialized structures and functions.

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Cell Differentiation

The process by which a cell develops a specific structure and function.

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Recombination of Elements

The ability of organisms to use a limited number of elements to create complex structures and maintain life.

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Protein

A type of macromolecule that forms the structural framework of organelles.

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Carbohydrates

A type of macromolecule used for energy storage and cell structure.

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Fats

A type of macromolecule that provides insulation and energy storage.

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Emergent property

The ability of a system to have properties that are greater than the sum of its parts.

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Specialized cells

Cells that have specialized structures and functions to form tissues and organs.

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Study Notes

4.03 Organelle and Cell Specialisation

  • Learning Objectives: -Biological systems function due to emergent properties arising from hierarchical structures within organisms. -Living organisms use a few basic elements to form building blocks and sustain life by transferring matter and energy.

  • Guiding Questions: -What are the hierarchical parts of a multicellular organism? -How does hierarchical structure enable specialization at the molecular, cellular, and organism levels?

  • Starter Activity: -Spot the differences and similarities between organisms (e.g., amoeba, leaf, giraffe). -Identify emergent properties of each.

  • Lesson 4.02 and 4.03: -The hierarchy in the structure of life goes from atoms, molecules, macromolecules, organelles, cells, tissue, organ, organ system to organism, ecosystem, biosphere.

  • Activity: -Review basic cell structure using online resources. -Explore animal and plant cells, noting functions of organelles. -Construct plant and animal cells using online tools -Compare and contrast plant and animal cells

  • Check Answers: -Cell membrane: selectively permeable, composed of macromolecules (fats, protein, carbohydrates). -Nucleus: stores DNA (genetic information). -Mitochondria: site of cellular respiration, generates energy -Cytoplasm: fluid environment for cellular processes, contains many structures. -Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough ER): synthesizes proteins. -Golgi apparatus: packages and secretes proteins.

  • Closer look at the Cell Membrane: -Macromolecules (carbohydrates, proteins) form and integrate into the cell membrane -The cell membrane's function is an emergent property.

  • Cell Specialization: -Cells specialize to form tissues for specific organs. -Examples include nerve cells, red blood cells -Plant cell specialization also occurs. -Observe specialized cells in microscopes to see differences between tissue

  • Part III - Specialized Cells and Tissues: -Use provided microscope observations to identify specialized cells and how emergent properties lead to tissue and organ development. -Example tissue types: nerve/muscle tissue

  • Plenary (Activity): -Watch a video of a person lifting a car. -Create a model to illustrate specialized tissue interaction in the human body.

  • Key Words: organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system.

  • Homework: Complete Discovery tech-book exercises related to Cell Structure and Function (explore sections 3 and 6)

  • Video: Utilize provided link for further video based learning.

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