Cell Signaling Pathways and Communication Methods Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT considered a chemical messenger in cellular communication?

  • Neurotransmitters
  • Steroid hormones
  • Odorants
  • Light stimuli (correct)

Which type of messengers can diffuse across the plasma membrane and interact with cytosolic or nuclear receptors?

  • Growth factors
  • Odorants
  • Steroid hormones (correct)
  • Neurotransmitters

What do chemical messengers typically interact with on the cell surface to trigger a cascade of secondary events?

  • Cell surface receptors (correct)
  • Cytosolic or nuclear receptors
  • Intracellular second-messenger systems
  • Diffusible intracellular systems

Which of the following is NOT a method of cell communication described in the text?

<p>Summation and integration of input from multiple signaling pathways (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of adhering junctions?

<p>To maintain normal cell architecture and organize groups of cells into tissues (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about tight junctions?

<p>They stabilize the complex and have a signaling role (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of membrane-associated ligands in cell communication?

<p>To provide spatial clues in migrating cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about second messengers?

<p>Second messengers amplify signals (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of counterbalancing activities in second-messenger systems?

<p>To return the system to a resting state (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does cAMP concentration increase in a cell?

<p>By activating adenylyl cyclase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of second-messenger systems in a multicellular organism?

<p>To integrate responses to stressful situations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of receptor is involved in signaling between electrically excitable cells?

<p>Ligand-gated ion channels (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of receptor works indirectly through an intermediary to activate or inactivate a separate membrane-associated enzyme or channel?

<p>G protein–coupled receptors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two types of weak, noncovalent interactions involved in the binding of a ligand to its receptor?

<p>Ionic bonds, van der Waals interactions, and hydrophobic interactions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the final consequence of ligand binding to a receptor?

<p>Activation of a catalytic cascade (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of cellular communication described in the text?

<p>Maintenance of cellular homeostasis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of messengers can interact with cytosolic or nuclear receptors?

<p>Hydrophobic messengers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of second-messenger systems in cellular communication?

<p>To mediate the cell's response to a stimulus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a second messenger?

<p>cAMP (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of second messengers?

<p>Regulate the concentration of ligands (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about ligands that activate the same signaling pathways in cells?

<p>They always produce the same effect (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do second-messenger systems allow specificity and diversity in cell signaling?

<p>By interacting with distinct receptors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of receptor is located in the cytosol or nucleus and is activated by a ligand to modulate gene expression?

<p>Nuclear receptors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in the signaling events initiated by plasma membrane receptors?

<p>Recognition of the signal by its receptor (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the four categories of receptors based on their associated mechanisms of signal transduction?

<p>Ligand-gated ion channels, G protein-coupled receptors, Catalytic receptors, Nuclear receptors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the final consequence of ligand binding to a receptor?

<p>Activation of a catalytic cascade (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about gap junctions?

<p>They are regulated by changes in cytosolic concentrations of Ca2+, cAMP, and H+ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of adhering junctions?

<p>To provide important clues for the maintenance of normal cell architecture (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of tight junctions?

<p>To create a diffusion barrier between adjacent cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of membrane-associated ligands in cell communication?

<p>To interact with a receptor in the plasma membrane of an adjacent cell (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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