Cell Signaling

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Cell surface receptors are _______________ to individual cell types.

specific

Cell surface receptors have three components: external ligand binding domain, _______________ membrane-spanning region, and intracellular domain.

hydrophobic

Ligand binding to a _______________ receptor triggers an intracellular response.

membrane

Ligand binding to a _______________ receptor opens a channel through which specific ions pass through.

channel-linked Signup and view all the answers

G proteins are _______________ signaling proteins.

intracellular Signup and view all the answers

G protein signaling can result in _______________ of the biological response of the cell.

amplification Signup and view all the answers

Cells communicate by soluble chemical ______ e.g. hormones, growth factors, neurotransmitters.

signals Signup and view all the answers

The cell which receives signal is the ______ cell.

target Signup and view all the answers

Binding of signal to ______ initiates cascade of events which amplifies the signal and produces the desired effect.

receptor Signup and view all the answers

______ receptors are present inside cell cytoplasm and binds to hydrophobic ligands.

Internal Signup and view all the answers

The ______ receptor complex moves inside nucleus and binds to specific regions of DNA and promotes/inhibits production of MRNA.

ligand Signup and view all the answers

The process of ligand binding to receptor and producing the desired effect is an example of ______ regulation.

transcriptional Signup and view all the answers

The ______ subunit of G protein releases GDP and binds GTP.

alpha Signup and view all the answers

The effector domain contains a catalytic region with ______ kinase activity.

tyrosine Signup and view all the answers

Ligand binds to receptor —> conformational change to receptor —> interacts with ______ protein.

G Signup and view all the answers

Enzyme linked receptors are single chain transmembrane proteins with three domains: ______-binding domain, alpha-helical domain, and effector domain.

ligand Signup and view all the answers

When the ligand leaves the receptor —> receptor returns to initial state —> GTP is hydrolyzed to ______.

GDP Signup and view all the answers

Association leads to activation of ______ kinase ~> phosphorylation of tyrosine residues.