Cell Signaling Components and Types Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What are the 5 major parts of a determination signal?

Ligands, receptor, signal transducers, transcription factors, effector (correct)

Ligands, receptor, DNA, RNA, effector

Antigen, receptor, signal transducers, transcription factors, effector

Ligands, antibodies, signal transducers, mRNA, effector

What are the 3 different types of cell signaling?

Endocrine, paracrine, autocrine

Intracrine, juxtacrine, autocrine

Diffusion, direct contact, gap junction (correct)

Synaptic, hormonal, paracrine

What is the difference between determination and specification?

Specification is usually a different path from the original cell determination.

Determination is when the cell has started to differentiate towards its fate but its fate can still change depending on where it is.

Determination is stable change in the internal shift of the cell specification. (correct)

Specification is when a cell's fate is decided and cannot be changed even if the cell is moved from its determined location.

What are the factors to consider when choosing embryos for research?

Size of embryo, accessibility, survival after experimentation, number of embryos that can be made Signup and view all the answers

What are the two ways of investigating genetics?

Loss of function and gain of function Signup and view all the answers

Where do transcription factors bind?

To DNA Signup and view all the answers

What happens in direct contact cell signaling?

Receptors on both cells bind to each other Signup and view all the answers

What does specification refer to in embryonic development?

When the cell has started to differentiate towards its fate but its fate can still change depending on where it is. Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which cells induce neighboring cells to determine their fate called?

Induction Signup and view all the answers

What does loss of function investigation involve?

Removing a gene to observe its effect Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of transcription factors in cell signaling?

They bind to DNA Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cell signaling involves protein channels joining two cells together?

Gap junction Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of determination in embryonic development?

Cell fate is stable and cannot be changed Signup and view all the answers

What does loss of function investigation in genetics involve?

Removing a gene to observe its effects Signup and view all the answers

In cell signaling, what are ligands?

(ligands) are signals that diffuse across from one cell to another Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of effector in determination signal?

Carrying out the required change Signup and view all the answers

What is the defining characteristic of specification in embryonic development?

Cell fate can still change depending on location Signup and view all the answers

What does gain of function investigation in genetics involve?

Adding a gene to observe its effects Signup and view all the answers

In direct contact cell signaling, what occurs when receptors on both cells bind to each other?

Direct communication between the two cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of signal transducers in cell signaling?

Facilitate the transmission of signals from the ligands to the transcription factors Signup and view all the answers

In determination, what happens when a cell's fate is decided?

The cell's fate cannot be changed even if the cell is moved from its determined location Signup and view all the answers

What is the defining characteristic of diffusion in cell signaling?

Signals diffuse across from one cell to another Signup and view all the answers

What occurs in direct contact cell signaling?

Receptors on both cells bind to each other Signup and view all the answers

What does induction refer to in embryonic development?

The process by which cells induce neighboring cells to determine their fate Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of determination in embryonic development?

The stable change in a cell's fate that cannot be altered by movement Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cell Signaling and Embryonic Development

A determination signal consists of five major parts: receptor, signal transducer, effector, ligand, and response.
There are three different types of cell signaling: direct contact, endocrine, and paracrine.

Determination vs. Specification

Determination refers to the process by which a cell's fate is decided, and it is characterized by irreversibility.
Specification refers to the process by which a cell becomes restricted to a particular fate, but remains reversible.
The key difference between determination and specification is the level of commitment to a specific fate.

Embryonic Development

Induction refers to the process by which cells induce neighboring cells to determine their fate.
In embryonic development, specification refers to the process by which a cell becomes restricted to a particular fate.

Investigating Genetics

There are two ways of investigating genetics: loss of function and gain of function.
Loss of function investigation involves analyzing the effect of removing or inhibiting a gene or protein.
Gain of function investigation involves analyzing the effect of adding or overexpressing a gene or protein.

Cell Signaling Mechanisms

Transcription factors bind to specific DNA sequences to regulate gene expression.
The primary role of transcription factors in cell signaling is to regulate gene expression.
The primary role of signal transducers in cell signaling is to transmit signals from the receptor to the effector.
The primary role of effector in a determination signal is to produce a response to the signal.
Ligands are molecules that bind to receptors to initiate a signaling cascade.
In direct contact cell signaling, receptors on both cells bind to each other, facilitating direct communication between cells.
Gap junctions are protein channels that join two cells together, allowing for direct contact cell signaling.

Factors to Consider when Choosing Embryos for Research

Factors to consider when choosing embryos for research include the stage of development, the area of focus, and the specific research question.

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Description

Test your knowledge of cell signaling components and types with this quiz. Identify the major parts of the determination signal and different types of cell signaling.