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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of the citric acid cycle in cell respiration?
What is the primary function of the citric acid cycle in cell respiration?
What is the net ATP yield from the complete breakdown of one glucose molecule?
What is the net ATP yield from the complete breakdown of one glucose molecule?
Which stage of cell respiration produces ATP through chemiosmosis?
Which stage of cell respiration produces ATP through chemiosmosis?
What is the primary energy currency of the cell?
What is the primary energy currency of the cell?
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What is the mechanism by which ATP and NADH inhibit key enzymes in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle?
What is the mechanism by which ATP and NADH inhibit key enzymes in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle?
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Where does the electron transport chain take place in the cell?
Where does the electron transport chain take place in the cell?
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Study Notes
Overview of Cell Respiration
- Cell respiration is the process by which cells generate energy from glucose
- It involves the breakdown of glucose and other organic molecules to produce ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
- ATP is the primary energy currency of the cell
Stages of Cell Respiration
-
Glycolysis
- Takes place in the cytosol
- Breaks down glucose into pyruvate, producing 2 ATP and 2 NADH
- Net gain of 2 ATP
-
Pyruvate Oxidation
- Takes place in the mitochondria
- Converts pyruvate into acetyl-CoA, producing 2 NADH and 2 ATP
-
Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle)
- Takes place in the mitochondrial matrix
- Converts acetyl-CoA into ATP, NADH, and FADH2
- Produces 2 ATP, 6 NADH, and 2 FADH2
-
Electron Transport Chain
- Takes place in the mitochondrial inner membrane
- Uses energy from NADH and FADH2 to pump protons across the membrane
- Produces ATP through chemiosmosis
-
Oxidative Phosphorylation
- Takes place in the mitochondrial inner membrane
- Uses energy from the electron transport chain to produce ATP
ATP Yield
- Total ATP yield from complete breakdown of one glucose molecule: 36-38 ATP
- Net gain from glycolysis: 2 ATP
- Net gain from pyruvate oxidation, citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation: 34-36 ATP
Regulation of Cell Respiration
- Feedback inhibition: ATP and NADH inhibit key enzymes in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle
- Allosteric regulation: ATP and ADP bind to enzymes to regulate activity
- Hormonal regulation: insulin and glucagon regulate glucose metabolism
Cell Respiration Overview
- Cell respiration generates energy from glucose and organic molecules, producing ATP
- ATP is the primary energy currency of the cell
Stages of Cell Respiration
Glycolysis
- Breaks down glucose into pyruvate, producing 2 ATP and 2 NADH in the cytosol
- Net gain of 2 ATP
Pyruvate Oxidation
- Converts pyruvate into acetyl-CoA, producing 2 NADH and 2 ATP in the mitochondria
Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle)
- Converts acetyl-CoA into ATP, NADH, and FADH2 in the mitochondrial matrix
- Produces 2 ATP, 6 NADH, and 2 FADH2
Electron Transport Chain
- Uses energy from NADH and FADH2 to pump protons across the mitochondrial inner membrane
- Produces ATP through chemiosmosis
Oxidative Phosphorylation
- Uses energy from the electron transport chain to produce ATP in the mitochondrial inner membrane
ATP Yield
- Total ATP yield from complete breakdown of one glucose molecule: 36-38 ATP
- Net gain from glycolysis: 2 ATP
- Net gain from pyruvate oxidation, citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation: 34-36 ATP
Regulation of Cell Respiration
- Feedback inhibition: ATP and NADH inhibit key enzymes in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle
- Allosteric regulation: ATP and ADP bind to enzymes to regulate activity
- Hormonal regulation: insulin and glucagon regulate glucose metabolism
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Description
Learn about the stages of cell respiration, including glycolysis and pyruvate oxidation, and how cells generate energy from glucose to produce ATP.
