Cell Respiration Chapter 10

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of energy in living cells?

  • To do work (correct)
  • To reproduce
  • To store polymers
  • To generate heat

What is the ultimate source of energy for most living organisms?

  • Oxygen
  • Organic molecules
  • Sunlight (correct)
  • ATP

What is the role of electron transfer in catabolic pathways?

  • To play a major role in releasing stored energy (correct)
  • To store energy in organic molecules
  • To generate ATP
  • To synthesize complex molecules

What is the byproduct of photosynthesis that is used in cellular respiration?

<p>O2 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of ATP in cellular processes?

<p>To power cellular work (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does cellular respiration occur in cells?

<p>Mitochondria (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of energy for ATP synthesis during oxidative phosphorylation?

<p>NADH and FADH2 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of chemiosmosis in oxidative phosphorylation?

<p>To couple electron transport to ATP synthesis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the product of the citric acid cycle that is used to synthesize ATP?

<p>NADH (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the byproduct of the citric acid cycle that is released into the atmosphere?

<p>CO2 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the energy currency that is synthesized during oxidative phosphorylation?

<p>ATP (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process that generates ATP during oxidative phosphorylation?

<p>Oxidative phosphorylation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the electron transport chain in cellular respiration?

<p>To pump H+ from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of ATP synthase in chemiosmosis?

<p>To catalyze the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the direction of H+ movement during chemiosmosis?

<p>From the intermembrane space to the mitochondrial matrix (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the energy source for the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP?

<p>The energy released from the electron transport chain (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the rotor in ATP synthase?

<p>To spin and drive the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the use of energy in a H+ gradient to drive cellular work?

<p>Chemiosmosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the substance that donates electrons in a redox reaction?

<p>Reducing agent (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the energy during the oxidation of organic fuel molecules in cellular respiration?

<p>It is transferred to oxygen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of NAD+ in cellular respiration?

<p>It is an electron acceptor and functions as an oxidizing agent (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of bonds are changed in some redox reactions that do not transfer electrons?

<p>Covalent bonds (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the reaction between methane and O2?

<p>Carbon dioxide and water are produced (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of organic molecules that makes them excellent sources of high-energy electrons?

<p>An abundance of hydrogen (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of catabolic pathways?

<p>To funnel electrons from organic molecules into cellular respiration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the end product of breaking down fatty acids through beta oxidation?

<p>Acetyl CoA, NADH, and FADH2 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of energy for glycolysis?

<p>Carbohydrates (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the byproduct of removing amino groups from amino acids?

<p>NH3 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many times more ATP is produced from an oxidized gram of fat compared to an oxidized gram of carbohydrate?

<p>More than twice as much (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the product of glycolysis that is used to produce compounds needed for glycolysis?

<p>Glycerol (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the net gain of ATP molecules in glycolysis?

<p>2 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary site of oxidative phosphorylation?

<p>Mitochondria (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of ATP generated by oxidative phosphorylation?

<p>90% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the total number of ATP molecules produced per glucose molecule degraded?

<p>32 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of phosphorylation occurs in the citric acid cycle?

<p>Substrate-level phosphorylation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which electrons are transferred to generate ATP?

<p>Electron transport chain (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which the body uses small molecules from food to build other molecules such as proteins?

<p>Biosynthesis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism for metabolic control in cellular respiration?

<p>Feedback inhibition (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the product of glycolysis that is used to produce compounds needed for glycolysis?

<p>Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which ATP is synthesized during cellular respiration?

<p>Oxidative phosphorylation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the ATP concentration when cellular respiration speeds up?

<p>It decreases (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the byproduct of the citric acid cycle that is released into the atmosphere?

<p>Carbon dioxide (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between fermentation and cellular respiration?

<p>The final electron acceptor (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of glycolysis in the evolution of life on Earth?

<p>It was used by early prokaryotes to produce ATP before oxygen accumulated in the atmosphere (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the fate of pyruvate in a facultative anaerobe?

<p>It can be converted to either acetyl CoA or ethanol/lactate depending on the presence of oxygen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the ATP yield of fermentation per glucose molecule?

<p>2 ATP (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of obligate anaerobes?

<p>They carry out fermentation or anaerobic respiration and cannot survive in the presence of oxygen (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of the glycolysis pathway?

<p>Cytosol (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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