48 Questions
What is the primary function of energy in living cells?
To do work
What is the ultimate source of energy for most living organisms?
Sunlight
What is the role of electron transfer in catabolic pathways?
To play a major role in releasing stored energy
What is the byproduct of photosynthesis that is used in cellular respiration?
O2
What is the primary function of ATP in cellular processes?
To power cellular work
Where does cellular respiration occur in cells?
Mitochondria
What is the primary source of energy for ATP synthesis during oxidative phosphorylation?
NADH and FADH2
What is the role of chemiosmosis in oxidative phosphorylation?
To couple electron transport to ATP synthesis
What is the product of the citric acid cycle that is used to synthesize ATP?
NADH
What is the byproduct of the citric acid cycle that is released into the atmosphere?
CO2
What is the energy currency that is synthesized during oxidative phosphorylation?
ATP
What is the process that generates ATP during oxidative phosphorylation?
Oxidative phosphorylation
What is the purpose of the electron transport chain in cellular respiration?
To pump H+ from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space
What is the role of ATP synthase in chemiosmosis?
To catalyze the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP
What is the direction of H+ movement during chemiosmosis?
From the intermembrane space to the mitochondrial matrix
What is the energy source for the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP?
The energy released from the electron transport chain
What is the function of the rotor in ATP synthase?
To spin and drive the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP
What is the term for the use of energy in a H+ gradient to drive cellular work?
Chemiosmosis
What is the term for the substance that donates electrons in a redox reaction?
Reducing agent
What happens to the energy during the oxidation of organic fuel molecules in cellular respiration?
It is transferred to oxygen
What is the role of NAD+ in cellular respiration?
It is an electron acceptor and functions as an oxidizing agent
What type of bonds are changed in some redox reactions that do not transfer electrons?
Covalent bonds
What is the result of the reaction between methane and O2?
Carbon dioxide and water are produced
What is the characteristic of organic molecules that makes them excellent sources of high-energy electrons?
An abundance of hydrogen
What is the primary function of catabolic pathways?
To funnel electrons from organic molecules into cellular respiration
What is the end product of breaking down fatty acids through beta oxidation?
Acetyl CoA, NADH, and FADH2
What is the primary source of energy for glycolysis?
Carbohydrates
What is the byproduct of removing amino groups from amino acids?
NH3
How many times more ATP is produced from an oxidized gram of fat compared to an oxidized gram of carbohydrate?
More than twice as much
What is the product of glycolysis that is used to produce compounds needed for glycolysis?
Glycerol
What is the net gain of ATP molecules in glycolysis?
2
What is the primary site of oxidative phosphorylation?
Mitochondria
What is the percentage of ATP generated by oxidative phosphorylation?
90%
What is the total number of ATP molecules produced per glucose molecule degraded?
32
What type of phosphorylation occurs in the citric acid cycle?
Substrate-level phosphorylation
What is the process by which electrons are transferred to generate ATP?
Electron transport chain
What is the process by which the body uses small molecules from food to build other molecules such as proteins?
Biosynthesis
What is the primary mechanism for metabolic control in cellular respiration?
Feedback inhibition
What is the product of glycolysis that is used to produce compounds needed for glycolysis?
Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate
What is the process by which ATP is synthesized during cellular respiration?
Oxidative phosphorylation
What happens to the ATP concentration when cellular respiration speeds up?
It decreases
What is the byproduct of the citric acid cycle that is released into the atmosphere?
Carbon dioxide
What is the primary difference between fermentation and cellular respiration?
The final electron acceptor
What is the significance of glycolysis in the evolution of life on Earth?
It was used by early prokaryotes to produce ATP before oxygen accumulated in the atmosphere
What is the fate of pyruvate in a facultative anaerobe?
It can be converted to either acetyl CoA or ethanol/lactate depending on the presence of oxygen
What is the ATP yield of fermentation per glucose molecule?
2 ATP
What is the characteristic of obligate anaerobes?
They carry out fermentation or anaerobic respiration and cannot survive in the presence of oxygen
What is the location of the glycolysis pathway?
Cytosol
Test your knowledge of cell respiration, including the energy requirements of living cells, the work of the cell, and how animals obtain energy. Learn about the process of cell respiration and its importance in life. Explore the different stages of cell respiration and how they contribute to the energy needs of the cell.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
