Cell Respiration Overview and Glycolysis
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a product of glycolysis?

  • ATP
  • Pyruvate
  • NADH
  • FADH2 (correct)

    • What is the role of NAD+ in the process of glycolysis?

  • It serves as an electron donor.
  • It acts as a substrate for ATP synthesis.
  • It provides phosphates for ATP production.
  • It is reduced to NADH, carrying electrons and H+. (correct)

    • What is the purpose of adding phosphates during glycolysis?

  • To convert glucose into pyruvate.
  • To generate ATP through substrate-level phosphorylation. (correct)
  • To create a proton gradient.
  • To regenerate NAD+ for continuous operation.

    • How many molecules of ATP are generated during glycolysis?

    <p>4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the initial input needed to start the glycolysis process?

    <p>1 Sugar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first product formed when Acetyl-CoA combines with oxaloacetate in the Citric Acid Cycle?

    <p>Citrate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of molecule is produced when succinyl-CoA is processed into succinate?

    <p>GTP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecule is responsible for the oxidation of succinate into fumarate by stripping electrons away?

    <p>FAD</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to α-ketoglutarate during the Citric Acid Cycle?

    <p>It loses a CO2 molecule.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do NADH and FADH2 play following glycolysis and the Citric Acid Cycle?

    <p>They are used to deliver electrons to the electron transport chain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which option is NOT considered a major event in cellular respiration?

    <p>The Calvin cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of the electron transport chain in cellular respiration?

    <p>To pump H+ ions into the intermembrane space</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many ATP molecules can be produced from one molecule of glucose during respiration?

    <p>32</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during glycolysis?

    <p>A molecule of glucose is split into two molecules of pyruvic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes oxidative phosphorylation?

    <p>The pumping of H+ ions to create a gradient for ATP synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is produced when NADH and FADH2 are 'dumped' into the electron transport chain?

    <p>Energy used to pump H+ ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage can be considered a transitional step in cellular respiration?

    <p>Pyruvic acid oxidation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is primarily located in the cytoplasm during cellular respiration?

    <p>Glycolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the electron transport chain (ETC)?

    <p>Pump H+ ions into the intermembrane space</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecules deliver electrons to the inner membrane of the mitochondria during the ETC?

    <p>NADH and FADH2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What creates the potential energy in the form of an electrochemical gradient in the ETC?

    <p>The pumping of H+ ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what stage of cellular respiration does the electron transport chain occur?

    <p>Electron transport chain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of ATP synthase in the process of oxidative phosphorylation?

    <p>To synthesize ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one incorrect statement about the electron transport chain?

    <p>It generates ATP directly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the energy released in the electron transport chain primarily facilitate ATP production?

    <p>By creating a proton motive force</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the term 'proton motive force'?

    <p>The potential energy created by the concentration gradient of protons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to pyruvate in the presence of oxygen?

    <p>It enters the mitochondrion for oxidation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of acetyl-CoA in cellular respiration?

    <p>To link glycolysis to the citric acid cycle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a reaction that occurs during the priming of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA?

    <p>Formation of ATP from ADP.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs if there is no oxygen present for pyruvate?

    <p>Pyruvate enters a fermentation pathway.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is released during the oxidation of pyruvate?

    <p>Carbon dioxide (CO2).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of NAD+ in the process of glycolysis and pyruvate conversion?

    <p>It is reduced to NADH during glycolysis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the initial step for pyruvate before entering the citric acid cycle?

    <p>Conversion to acetyl-CoA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the multienzyme complex in the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA?

    <p>To facilitate multiple reactions necessary for conversion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Cell Respiration Overview

    • Cell respiration is the process of breaking down glucose to extract energy for cells.
    • There are three main stages of cell respiration: glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and electron transport.
    • Cellular respiration can be summarized in four stages:
      • Glycolysis
      • Pyruvate oxidation
      • Citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle)
      • Electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation
    • The Calvin cycle is not a stage of cell respiration (it is part of photosynthesis).

    Glycolysis

    • Glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm of the cell.
    • Glycolysis breaks down glucose (a 6-carbon sugar) into two pyruvate molecules (3-carbon molecules).
    • In the process, 2 ATP molecules are used, and 4 ATP molecules are produced, generating a net gain of 2 ATP molecules.
    • 2 NADH molecules are also produced, which will carry energy for the ETC.

    Pyruvate Oxidation

    • Pyruvate is transported into the mitochondria and converted into acetyl-CoA.
    • In the process, CO2 is released, and NAD+ is reduced to NADH.
    • Electron transport chain

    Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle)

    • The citric acid cycle takes place in the matrix of the mitochondria.
    • Acetyl-CoA combines with oxaloacetate to begin the cycle.
    • The cycle produces:
      • 2 CO2
      • 3 NADH
      • 1 FADH2
      • 1 ATP
    • The oxaloacetate regenerates at the end of the cycle so the cycle can continue.

    Electron Transport Chain

    • The electron transport chain takes place on the inner mitochondrial membrane.
    • Electrons from NADH and FADH2 are passed down a chain of protein pumps.
    • This pumping of electrons across the membrane builds a proton gradient.
    • The energy stored in the proton gradient is used to generate ATP through oxidative phosphorylation.

    Oxidative Phosphorylation

    • This is the process of using the proton gradient produced during the electron transport chain to generate ATP.
    • ATP synthase acts as a turbine that uses the movement of protons to produce ATP.
    • ATP synthase rotates to phosphorylate ADP to ATP.
    • The final electron acceptor in the chain is oxygen.

    Total ATP Yield

    • The total ATP yield from the complete oxidation of glucose:
      • Glycolysis (2 ATP)
      • Citric acid cycle (2 ATP)
      • Electron transport chain (28 ATP)
    • The exact number of ATP molecules produced can vary depending on the specific conditions within the cell.

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    Cell Respiration and Fermentation Lecture Notes PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers the process of cell respiration, focusing on its stages such as glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain. Gain a deeper understanding of how glucose is broken down to extract energy for cellular functions. Test your knowledge on the differences between cellular respiration and photosynthesis.

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