Cell Repair and Stem Cell Concepts
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Cell Repair and Stem Cell Concepts

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Questions and Answers

Which factor does NOT inhibit repair?

  • Inflammation (correct)
  • Contact inhibition
  • Chalones
  • Matrix interaction

    • Healing by primary intention occurs in which type of wounds?

  • Wounds with necrotic tissue
  • Clean surgical non-gapping wounds (correct)
  • Crush injuries
  • Large infected wounds

    • What is the first step in bone fracture healing?

  • Granulation tissue formation
  • Callus formation
  • Haematoma formation (correct)
  • Remodeling

    • Granulation tissue primarily consists of which components?

    <p>Capillaries and fibroblasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of collagen is seen in mature scar tissue?

    <p>Type I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Excessive collagen formation leads to which condition?

    <p>Keloid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which complication is characterized as a blind-end tract opening on the surface?

    <p>Sinus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following plays a significant role in the wound healing process?

    <p>All types of cells involved in healing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a defect in the epithelial surface covering called?

    <p>Contracture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Healing by secondary intention occurs in which type of wounds?

    <p>Gaping crush wounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Granulation tissue is best described as what?

    <p>Moist, red, and granular</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cells is primarily responsible for wound contraction?

    <p>Myofibroblasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the maturation of granulation tissue, fibroblasts transform into what?

    <p>Fibrocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the last stage of wound healing by secondary intention?

    <p>Scar formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of granulation tissue?

    <p>Avascular</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fibroblasts are primarily involved in what aspect of the healing process?

    <p>Secretion of collagen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of repair?

    <p>Replacement of damaged tissue by scar tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of repair involves replacement with connective tissue?

    <p>Fibrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following cells is classified as 'permanent'?

    <p>Nerve cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Stem cells are characterized by all of the following EXCEPT?

    <p>Short-term viability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Embryonic stem cells are classified as?

    <p>Pluripotent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Adult stem cells found in bone marrow are?

    <p>Hemocytoblasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which growth factor is involved in repair?

    <p>EGF</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of fibroblasts in tissue repair?

    <p>Produce collagen and extracellular matrix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of callus forms after granulation tissue in bone healing?

    <p>Soft callus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Bone remodeling is carried out by which types of cells?

    <p>Osteoclasts and osteoblasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following local factors can impede bone healing?

    <p>Ischemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is NOT a step in bone fracture healing?

    <p>Angiogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Excessive healing may lead to which of the following conditions?

    <p>Hypertrophic scar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A keloid is characterized by which of the following?

    <p>Scar extending beyond the wound edges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Contractures are commonly associated with which type of issue?

    <p>Scar tissue formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these conditions does not directly affect the healing of wounds?

    <p>Regular exercise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Section 1: General Concepts

    • Definition of repair: Replacement of damaged tissue, either by scar tissue (repair) or new healthy tissue (regeneration).
    • Repair types:
      • Regeneration: Replacement with new healthy tissue.
      • Fibrosis: Replacement with connective tissue.
    • Permanent cell types: Surface epithelium, liver cells, and nerve cells
    • Non-permanent cell types: Fibroblasts

    Section 2: Stem Cells

    • Stem cell characteristics:

      • Self-renewal: Ability to replicate itself
      • Multilineage potential: Ability to differentiate into various cell types
      • Short-term viability: (Not a characteristic)
      • Asymmetric replication: Dividing into one stem cell and one differentiated cell.

    • Embryonic stem cell types:

      • Totipotent: Capable of developing into any cell type, including extraembryonic tissues.
      • Pluripotent: Capable of developing into any cell type within the embryo.
      • Multipotent: Capable of developing into multiple cell types, but not all cell types.
      • Unipotent: Capable of developing into only one cell type.

    • Adult stem cells: Hemocytoblasts, osteoblasts, and fibroblasts

    Section 3: Mechanisms and Factors Affecting Repair

    • Growth factors in repair: EGF, FGF, and TGF-β.
    • Factors inhibiting repair:
      • Contact inhibition
      • Chalones
      • Inflammation
      • Matrix interaction

    Section 4: Wound Healing

    • Primary intention healing: Healing in clean surgical wounds, where the edges are brought together.
    • First step in bone fracture healing: Hematoma formation
    • Granulation tissue components: Collagen, fibrocytes, capillaries, and fibroblasts
    • Type of collagen in mature scar tissue: Type I

    Section 5: Granulation Tissue

    • Granulation tissue composition: Primarily collagen and fibroblasts, capillaries.

    Section 6: Complications

    • Excessive collagen formation leads to: Keloids, contractures (abnormal tightening of skin tissues).
    • Blind-end tract opening: Fistula
    • Epithelial surface defect:: Ulcer
    • Types of healing: Primary and secondary intent. Secondary intention healing occurs in large wounds or infected wounds.

    Section 7: Types of Healing

    • Secondary intention healing: Healing in wounds with significant tissue loss or infection.
    • Characteristics of granulation tissue: Moist, red, and granular.

    Section 8: Bone Healing

    • Callus types:
      • Soft callus: Forms first in healing.
      • Hard callus: Develops after soft callus.
      • Lamellar bone: Mature bone tissue.
    • Bone remodeling agents: Osteoclasts and osteoblasts
    • Factors hindering bone healing, including old age, ischemia (reduced blood flow), and nutritional deficiency.

    Section 9: Complications of Wound Healing

    • Excessive healing: Hypertrophic scars, sinuses, fistulas, and cyst formation
    • Scar characteristics: Keloids have scar tissue that extends beyond the margins of the wound.
    • Contractures: Occur with nervous system injuries or overgrowth of granulation tissue.
    • Cysts: Filled with blood, pus, keratin, or collagen.
    • Hypertrophic scar versus keloid: Hypertrophic scars are contained within wound boundaries and keloids extend beyond the wound.

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    Description

    This quiz explores key concepts in cell repair and stem cell biology. Participants will learn about the different types of repair, the characteristics of stem cells, and the classifications of embryonic stem cells. Test your understanding of these fundamental biological processes!

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