Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which characteristic distinguishes eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic cells, directly related to the presence of organelles?
Which characteristic distinguishes eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic cells, directly related to the presence of organelles?
- Eukaryotic cells exhibit compartmentalization due to membrane-bound organelles. (correct)
- Eukaryotic cells have a cell wall.
- Eukaryotic cells lack ribosomes.
- Eukaryotic cells are generally smaller in size.
Unlike prokaryotic cells, eukaryotic cells have which mechanism for gene expression?
Unlike prokaryotic cells, eukaryotic cells have which mechanism for gene expression?
- Concurrent transcription and translation within the same cellular space.
- Absence of ribosomes, relying on other organelles for protein synthesis.
- Direct flow of mRNA to ribosomes for immediate translation.
- Modification of mRNA within the nucleus before translation. (correct)
How does the compartmentalization achieved through organelles benefit eukaryotic cells?
How does the compartmentalization achieved through organelles benefit eukaryotic cells?
- It allows for the synthesis of identical proteins in all regions of the cell.
- It enables specific tasks to be performed in designated areas, enhancing efficiency. (correct)
- It prevents the need for a plasma membrane.
- It reduces the overall size of the cell.
A cell performing phagocytosis engulfs a bacterium into a vacuole. How do organelles contribute to the destruction of the bacterium?
A cell performing phagocytosis engulfs a bacterium into a vacuole. How do organelles contribute to the destruction of the bacterium?
Why is it important for lysosomes to be membrane-bound?
Why is it important for lysosomes to be membrane-bound?
Enzymes within vacuoles require specific pH levels to function correctly. How does the cell maintain these pH levels?
Enzymes within vacuoles require specific pH levels to function correctly. How does the cell maintain these pH levels?
What is a primary distinction between organelles and other cellular components like the cytoskeleton or cytoplasm?
What is a primary distinction between organelles and other cellular components like the cytoskeleton or cytoplasm?
Considering the structure of organelles, which of the following is an example of an organelle without a membrane?
Considering the structure of organelles, which of the following is an example of an organelle without a membrane?
Which cellular component is NOT considered an organelle due to its size, complexity, or lack of a discrete boundary?
Which cellular component is NOT considered an organelle due to its size, complexity, or lack of a discrete boundary?
If a scientist introduces a compound that inhibits the function of lysosomes, which cellular process would be most directly affected?
If a scientist introduces a compound that inhibits the function of lysosomes, which cellular process would be most directly affected?
Flashcards
What are organelles?
What are organelles?
Discrete components within cells that perform specific tasks.
What are eukaryotic cells?
What are eukaryotic cells?
Cells with membrane-bound organelles, providing compartmentalization.
What is the function of the nucleus?
What is the function of the nucleus?
Encloses and protects the DNA in eukaryotic cells.
What is the function of ribosomes?
What is the function of ribosomes?
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What is a vacuole?
What is a vacuole?
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What is phagocytosis?
What is phagocytosis?
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What is the function of lysosomes?
What is the function of lysosomes?
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mRNA movement out of the nucleus advantage?
mRNA movement out of the nucleus advantage?
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Advantage of Compartmentalization?
Advantage of Compartmentalization?
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Study Notes
- Organelles are discrete components within cells performing specific tasks.
- Eukaryotic cells are compartmentalized due to having many separate membrane-bound organelles.
- Organelles can vary in form; examples are mitochondria (double-layered membrane) and centrioles (no membrane, comprised of RNA or proteins).
Examples of Organelles
- Nucleus
- Vesicles
- Ribosomes
- Plasma membrane
- Each occupies a specific space with unique functions.
Non-Organelles
- Plant cell wall
- Cytoplasm
- Cytoskeleton
- They are not considered organelles because they don't occupy a discrete space, function within the cell, or are too large with too many components to be discrete.
Nucleus Advantage in Eukaryotic Cells
- Eukaryotic cells protect and manage DNA in the nucleus, unlike prokaryotic cells.
- In prokaryotic cells, DNA and ribosomes exist in the same space, enabling immediate translation after transcription.
- In eukaryotic cells, mRNA exits the nucleus for translation, enabling modification before translation.
Advantages of Organelles and Compartmentalization
- Eukaryotic cells contain numerous organelles within the cytoplasm, separated by membranes.
- Cells can execute particular tasks within organelles without affecting the rest of the cell.
- Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes that break down macromolecules.
- Keeping enzymes within their own membrane is important so they can do their job when needed.
- Cells intake external components through phagocytosis, placing content in a vacuole.
- Enzymes within vacuoles, possibly from lysosomes, function at diverse pH levels.
- Vacuoles' pH levels can be adjusted for enzyme function without altering the cytoplasm's chemistry.
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