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Questions and Answers
What is the function of a vacuole?
What is the function of a vacuole?
- Produces energy
- Transports materials
- Stores material within the cell (correct)
- Digests cell parts
What are chloroplasts?
What are chloroplasts?
- Closely stacked, flattened sacs (correct)
- Small organelles for energy production
- Vesicles for transport
- Membranes surrounding the cell
What do ribosomes do?
What do ribosomes do?
The sites of protein synthesis
What is the role of vesicles in a cell?
What is the role of vesicles in a cell?
What is cytoplasm?
What is cytoplasm?
What is the function of the nucleus?
What is the function of the nucleus?
What pigment do chloroplasts contain?
What pigment do chloroplasts contain?
What do lysosomes digest?
What do lysosomes digest?
What role do ribosomes play in the cell?
What role do ribosomes play in the cell?
What is the function of vescicles?
What is the function of vescicles?
What is the cell wall?
What is the cell wall?
What does the mitochondrion produce?
What does the mitochondrion produce?
What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?
What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?
What are organelles?
What are organelles?
What is the nucleolus?
What is the nucleolus?
What is the plasma membrane?
What is the plasma membrane?
What does the cytoskeleton do?
What does the cytoskeleton do?
What is chromatin?
What is chromatin?
What are microtubules?
What are microtubules?
What are cilia?
What are cilia?
What do you call the cell membrane?
What do you call the cell membrane?
What is a flagellum?
What is a flagellum?
What is ingestion in cellular terms?
What is ingestion in cellular terms?
What is digestion in cellular terms?
What is digestion in cellular terms?
What is respiration in cellular terms?
What is respiration in cellular terms?
What is excretion in cellular terms?
What is excretion in cellular terms?
Where are cell walls found?
Where are cell walls found?
Where are chloroplasts found?
Where are chloroplasts found?
Where are lysosomes found?
Where are lysosomes found?
Where are vacuoles primarily found?
Where are vacuoles primarily found?
What did Hooke discover?
What did Hooke discover?
What are cells?
What are cells?
What happens to surface area when the volume of a cell increases?
What happens to surface area when the volume of a cell increases?
What limits the size to which a cell can grow?
What limits the size to which a cell can grow?
Which of the following is an example of a prokaryote?
Which of the following is an example of a prokaryote?
What are plasma membranes?
What are plasma membranes?
What structure regulates what enters and leaves the cell?
What structure regulates what enters and leaves the cell?
What is an organelle?
What is an organelle?
What might a particularly active cell contain in large numbers?
What might a particularly active cell contain in large numbers?
What organelle helps maintain homeostasis by moving supplies within the cell?
What organelle helps maintain homeostasis by moving supplies within the cell?
Which organelle produces ATP?
Which organelle produces ATP?
What are cilia?
What are cilia?
Where are proteins made?
Where are proteins made?
What is the packaging and distribution center of the cell?
What is the packaging and distribution center of the cell?
What surrounds the nucleus?
What surrounds the nucleus?
What organelles are associated with photosynthesis?
What organelles are associated with photosynthesis?
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Study Notes
Cell Organelles Overview
- Vacuole: Primarily stores materials within the cell, crucial for maintaining turgor pressure in plant cells.
- Chloroplasts: Contains chlorophyll, responsible for photosynthesis, converting sunlight into energy; prominently found in plant cells.
- Ribosome: The site of protein synthesis, can be free-floating or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.
- Vesicles: Small membrane-bound sacs that transport materials within the cell for processing and storage.
- Cytoplasm: The jelly-like substance filling the cell, excluding the nucleus, where various organelles reside.
Cell Structure and Function
- Nucleus: The control center of eukaryotic cells; houses genetic material and manages cell functions.
- Lysosome: Contains digestive enzymes that break down waste materials, old cell parts, and pathogens.
- Golgi Apparatus: Processes, packages, and distributes proteins and lipids produced in the endoplasmic reticulum.
- Cell Wall: A rigid protective layer that gives shape to plant cells, fungi, and some bacteria; absent in animal cells.
- Mitochondrion: Powerhouse of the cell, converting glucose into ATP, the cell's usable energy form.
Cellular Components and Their Roles
- Nucleolus: A dense region within the nucleus where ribosomal RNA is produced and ribosomes are assembled.
- Cytoskeleton: A network of fibers providing structural support, consisting of microtubules and microfilaments.
- Microtubules: Hollow tubes that maintain cell shape and facilitate intracellular transport.
- Cilia: Short, hair-like structures used for movement and sensing the environment; often found in respiratory tract linings.
- Flagellum: A longer, whip-like structure used in cellular locomotion, typically seen in sperm cells.
Specific Cellular Processes
- Ingestion: The process of taking in substances via vesicles or the plasma membrane.
- Digestion: Carried out by lysosomes to break down cellular waste and nutrients.
- Respiration: Mitochondria perform this vital function, producing energy through ATP synthesis.
- Excretion: The removal of waste products through vesicles or the plasma membrane.
- Surface Area Limitation: As cell volume increases, surface area grows at a slower rate, impacting nutrient exchange.
Distinct Features of Cell Types
- Plant Cells: Distinguished by cell walls, chloroplasts, and large vacuoles.
- Animal Cells: Contain lysosomes for digestion; lack cell walls and chloroplasts.
- Prokaryotes: Example includes bacteria, characterized by their simpler structure without a nucleus.
Membrane Composition
- Plasma Membrane: A double-layer of phospholipids that encloses the cell, regulating which substances enter and exit.
- Nuclear Envelope: The double membrane surrounding the nucleus, controlling movement of materials in and out.
Key Organelles and Their Functions
- Endoplasmic Reticulum: Involved in protein and lipid synthesis, crucial for maintaining cellular homeostasis.
- Golgi Apparatus: The cell's packaging and distribution center, modifying proteins for secretion.
- Ribosomes: Responsible for synthesizing proteins; can be found on the rough endoplasmic reticulum or free in the cytoplasm.
- Chloroplasts: Integral for photosynthesis; converting solar energy into chemical energy stored as glucose.
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