Cell Organelles Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What is the function of a vacuole?

  • Produces energy
  • Transports materials
  • Stores material within the cell (correct)
  • Digests cell parts

    • What are chloroplasts?

  • Closely stacked, flattened sacs (correct)
  • Small organelles for energy production
  • Vesicles for transport
  • Membranes surrounding the cell

    • What do ribosomes do?

    The sites of protein synthesis

    What is the role of vesicles in a cell?

    <p>Transports materials within the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is cytoplasm?

    <p>The region inside the cell except for the nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the nucleus?

    <p>Manages or controls all the cell functions in a eukaryotic cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What pigment do chloroplasts contain?

    <p>Chlorophyll</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do lysosomes digest?

    <p>Excess or worn-out cell parts, food particles, and invading viruses or bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do ribosomes play in the cell?

    <p>They synthesize proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of vescicles?

    <p>Provides temporary storage of food, enzymes, and waste products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cell wall?

    <p>A firm, protective structure that gives the cell its shape in plants, fungi, most bacteria, and some protists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the mitochondrion produce?

    <p>A usable form of energy for the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?

    <p>Packages proteins for transport out of the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are organelles?

    <p>Everything inside the cell including the nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the nucleolus?

    <p>Site where ribosomes are made</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the plasma membrane?

    <p>The membrane surrounding the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the cytoskeleton do?

    <p>Provides support for the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is chromatin?

    <p>The collection of DNA in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are microtubules?

    <p>Hollow tubes which provide support for the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are cilia?

    <p>Small hair-like structures used for movement or sensing things</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do you call the cell membrane?

    <p>Composed of a phospholipid bilayer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a flagellum?

    <p>Longer whip-like structure used for movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is ingestion in cellular terms?

    <p>The vesicle or plasma membrane is used for</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is digestion in cellular terms?

    <p>Lysosomes are used for</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is respiration in cellular terms?

    <p>The mitochondria is used for</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is excretion in cellular terms?

    <p>The vesicles or plasma membranes are used for</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are cell walls found?

    <p>In plant cells only</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are chloroplasts found?

    <p>In plant cells only</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are lysosomes found?

    <p>In animal cells only</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are vacuoles primarily found?

    <p>In plant cells only</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Hooke discover?

    <p>Dead plant cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are cells?

    <p>The smallest units of life in all living things</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to surface area when the volume of a cell increases?

    <p>Increases at a slower rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What limits the size to which a cell can grow?

    <p>Its surface area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a prokaryote?

    <p>A bacterium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are plasma membranes?

    <p>Thin coverings that surround cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure regulates what enters and leaves the cell?

    <p>Plasma membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an organelle?

    <p>A structure within a cell that performs a specific function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might a particularly active cell contain in large numbers?

    <p>Mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What organelle helps maintain homeostasis by moving supplies within the cell?

    <p>Endoplasmic reticulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle produces ATP?

    <p>Mitochondrion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are cilia?

    <p>Numerous hair-like organelles that protrude from the surface of a cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are proteins made?

    <p>On the ribosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the packaging and distribution center of the cell?

    <p>Golgi apparatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What surrounds the nucleus?

    <p>Nuclear envelope</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What organelles are associated with photosynthesis?

    <p>Chloroplasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Cell Organelles Overview

    • Vacuole: Primarily stores materials within the cell, crucial for maintaining turgor pressure in plant cells.
    • Chloroplasts: Contains chlorophyll, responsible for photosynthesis, converting sunlight into energy; prominently found in plant cells.
    • Ribosome: The site of protein synthesis, can be free-floating or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.
    • Vesicles: Small membrane-bound sacs that transport materials within the cell for processing and storage.
    • Cytoplasm: The jelly-like substance filling the cell, excluding the nucleus, where various organelles reside.

    Cell Structure and Function

    • Nucleus: The control center of eukaryotic cells; houses genetic material and manages cell functions.
    • Lysosome: Contains digestive enzymes that break down waste materials, old cell parts, and pathogens.
    • Golgi Apparatus: Processes, packages, and distributes proteins and lipids produced in the endoplasmic reticulum.
    • Cell Wall: A rigid protective layer that gives shape to plant cells, fungi, and some bacteria; absent in animal cells.
    • Mitochondrion: Powerhouse of the cell, converting glucose into ATP, the cell's usable energy form.

    Cellular Components and Their Roles

    • Nucleolus: A dense region within the nucleus where ribosomal RNA is produced and ribosomes are assembled.
    • Cytoskeleton: A network of fibers providing structural support, consisting of microtubules and microfilaments.
    • Microtubules: Hollow tubes that maintain cell shape and facilitate intracellular transport.
    • Cilia: Short, hair-like structures used for movement and sensing the environment; often found in respiratory tract linings.
    • Flagellum: A longer, whip-like structure used in cellular locomotion, typically seen in sperm cells.

    Specific Cellular Processes

    • Ingestion: The process of taking in substances via vesicles or the plasma membrane.
    • Digestion: Carried out by lysosomes to break down cellular waste and nutrients.
    • Respiration: Mitochondria perform this vital function, producing energy through ATP synthesis.
    • Excretion: The removal of waste products through vesicles or the plasma membrane.
    • Surface Area Limitation: As cell volume increases, surface area grows at a slower rate, impacting nutrient exchange.

    Distinct Features of Cell Types

    • Plant Cells: Distinguished by cell walls, chloroplasts, and large vacuoles.
    • Animal Cells: Contain lysosomes for digestion; lack cell walls and chloroplasts.
    • Prokaryotes: Example includes bacteria, characterized by their simpler structure without a nucleus.

    Membrane Composition

    • Plasma Membrane: A double-layer of phospholipids that encloses the cell, regulating which substances enter and exit.
    • Nuclear Envelope: The double membrane surrounding the nucleus, controlling movement of materials in and out.

    Key Organelles and Their Functions

    • Endoplasmic Reticulum: Involved in protein and lipid synthesis, crucial for maintaining cellular homeostasis.
    • Golgi Apparatus: The cell's packaging and distribution center, modifying proteins for secretion.
    • Ribosomes: Responsible for synthesizing proteins; can be found on the rough endoplasmic reticulum or free in the cytoplasm.
    • Chloroplasts: Integral for photosynthesis; converting solar energy into chemical energy stored as glucose.

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    Test your knowledge of cell organelles with these flashcards. Each card provides a term alongside its definition to help reinforce your understanding of key cellular structures and their functions. Perfect for students learning about biology and cellular biology.

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