Cell Organelles and Structures

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Questions and Answers

A cell requires a constant supply of energy to function. Which organelle is primarily responsible for meeting this need?

  • Ribosomes
  • Endoplasmic Reticulum
  • Mitochondria (correct)
  • Golgi Apparatus

A protein destined for secretion from the cell is synthesized in the ribosome and then moves through several organelles. Which of the following represents the most likely pathway for this protein?

  • Ribosome → Endoplasmic Reticulum → Golgi Apparatus → Cell Membrane (correct)
  • Ribosome → Golgi Apparatus → Endoplasmic Reticulum → Cell Membrane
  • Ribosome → Cytoplasm → Nucleus → Cell Membrane
  • Ribosome → Lysosome → Endoplasmic Reticulum → Cell Membrane

A cell is observed to have a high concentration of ribosomes. What is the most likely function this cell specializes in?

  • Waste Management
  • Protein Synthesis (correct)
  • Energy Production
  • Lipid Synthesis

Which of the following pairs of organelles are responsible for the synthesis and processing of proteins, respectively?

<p>Ribosomes and Golgi Apparatus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A researcher is studying a cell and observes that it contains a nucleus, mitochondria, and a cell wall. Based on these observations, the researcher can conclude the cell is most likely from what?

<p>A plant (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a cell were unable to perform endocytosis, which organelle's function would be directly affected?

<p>Lysosomes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Following the synthesis of a protein, quality control mechanisms in the cell detect a misfolded protein. Which organelle would be involved in the degradation of this misfolded protein?

<p>Lysosomes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the cell membrane?

<p>To control the entry and exit of substances (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A plant cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. Which organelle plays the most significant role in maintaining turgor pressure to prevent the cell from collapsing?

<p>Large Vacuole (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Centrioles play a critical role in which cellular process?

<p>Cell division (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Nucleus

Controls the cell's activities and stores DNA.

Mitochondria

Produces energy (ATP) for the cell.

Ribosomes

Synthesizes proteins.

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Transports proteins and synthesizes lipids.

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Golgi Apparatus

Packages, modifies, and ships proteins and lipids.

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Cytoplasm

The fluid that fills the cell, containing organelles.

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Cell Membrane

Controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell.

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Lysosomes

Breaks down waste materials and cellular debris.

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Cytoskeleton

Provides structural support and facilitates cell movement.

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Chloroplasts

Performs photosynthesis to produce food in plant cells.

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Study Notes

  • Nucleus controls the cell and stores DNA
  • Mitochondria makes energy in the form of ATP
  • Ribosomes build proteins
  • Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) transports proteins and makes lipids
  • Golgi Apparatus packages and ships lipids and modifies proteins
  • Cytoplasm is the fluid inside the cell containing organelles
  • The Cell Membrane controls what enters and exits the cell
  • Lysosomes break down waste
  • Cytoskeleton supports the cell's shape and movement

Only in Plant Cells

  • Chloroplasts are responsible for photosynthesis, making food for the plant
  • Cell Wall provides extra support and protection
  • Large Vacuole stores substances such as water, nutrients, and waste

Only in Animal Cells

  • Centrioles help with cell division
  • Small Vacuoles store and transport materials

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