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Questions and Answers
Which of the following is a macromolecule essential to the overall function of cells and the human body?
Which of the following is a macromolecule essential to the overall function of cells and the human body?
- Nucleotide
- Fatty acid
- Monosaccharide
- Amino acid (correct)
What is the critical importance of chromosome duplication prior to cell division in the cell cycle?
What is the critical importance of chromosome duplication prior to cell division in the cell cycle?
- Preventing mutations
- Ensuring each daughter cell receives a complete set of genetic information (correct)
- Ensuring genetic diversity
- Providing energy for cell division
What is the relationship between DNA, chromosomes, and genes?
What is the relationship between DNA, chromosomes, and genes?
- Chromosomes are made up of DNA which contain genes (correct)
- DNA is made up of genes which form chromosomes
- Chromosomes are made up of genes which contain DNA
- Genes are made up of DNA which form chromosomes
What is the role of the cell membrane in controlling what goes in and out of the cell?
What is the role of the cell membrane in controlling what goes in and out of the cell?
What does the phrase 'form dictates function' mean in the context of biology?
What does the phrase 'form dictates function' mean in the context of biology?
What is homeostasis?
What is homeostasis?
Which processes play roles in regulating homeostasis?
Which processes play roles in regulating homeostasis?
What is the most basic unit of life?
What is the most basic unit of life?
What can impact an organism's homeostasis?
What can impact an organism's homeostasis?
What do signal transduction pathways involve?
What do signal transduction pathways involve?
What is the process of undifferentiated cells undergoing specialization to become specific types of cells with different functions called?
What is the process of undifferentiated cells undergoing specialization to become specific types of cells with different functions called?
Which phase of the cell cycle involves the splitting of the cytoplasm to form two identical daughter cells?
Which phase of the cell cycle involves the splitting of the cytoplasm to form two identical daughter cells?
What refers to the process of maintaining stability of an internal environment within an organism?
What refers to the process of maintaining stability of an internal environment within an organism?
What type of feedback inhibits a body process?
What type of feedback inhibits a body process?
What process ensures the stability of the internal environment by balancing the rate of loss with the rate of gain?
What process ensures the stability of the internal environment by balancing the rate of loss with the rate of gain?
Which organelle aids in cell division?
Which organelle aids in cell division?
Where are ribosomes located in the cell?
Where are ribosomes located in the cell?
What is the function of lysosomes?
What is the function of lysosomes?
Which organelle is responsible for cellular respiration?
Which organelle is responsible for cellular respiration?
What are macromolecules composed of?
What are macromolecules composed of?
What is the sensory organ that receives the stimulus in a feedback loop?
What is the sensory organ that receives the stimulus in a feedback loop?
What are substances that speed up reactions without being permanently altered?
What are substances that speed up reactions without being permanently altered?
What type of feedback loop occurs when the output of a system causes a counter response to return to a set point?
What type of feedback loop occurs when the output of a system causes a counter response to return to a set point?
What is the effect caused by the stimulus in a feedback loop?
What is the effect caused by the stimulus in a feedback loop?
How can cells regulate metabolism by controlling the activity of an enzyme?
How can cells regulate metabolism by controlling the activity of an enzyme?
What is a common example of a feedback loop mentioned in the text?
What is a common example of a feedback loop mentioned in the text?
In a feedback loop, what is the role of the 'effector'?
In a feedback loop, what is the role of the 'effector'?
What are substances that speed up reactions without being permanently altered called?
What are substances that speed up reactions without being permanently altered called?
How can cells regulate metabolism by controlling the 'activity' of an enzyme?
How can cells regulate metabolism by controlling the 'activity' of an enzyme?
What is the role of the 'inhibitor' in a metabolic pathway?
What is the role of the 'inhibitor' in a metabolic pathway?
What is the purpose of listing each type of body cavity covered in class with a brief description?
What is the purpose of listing each type of body cavity covered in class with a brief description?
What is the importance of differentiating between the functions of the 4 types of connective tissue?
What is the importance of differentiating between the functions of the 4 types of connective tissue?
What does classifying epithelial tissue based on the number of cell layers and cell shape help in achieving?
What does classifying epithelial tissue based on the number of cell layers and cell shape help in achieving?
Why is it important to be able to identify the body region, body plane, and/or body cavity given a diagram or description?
Why is it important to be able to identify the body region, body plane, and/or body cavity given a diagram or description?
What is the significance of being able to draw an example of each type of muscle tissue and explain the unique role each play?
What is the significance of being able to draw an example of each type of muscle tissue and explain the unique role each play?
What is the purpose of creating a chart to distinguish between the functions and key structures of the 12 main organ systems?
What is the purpose of creating a chart to distinguish between the functions and key structures of the 12 main organ systems?
Study Notes
Cell Organelles and Macromolecules
- The cytoplasm is vital for maintaining stable internal conditions and communication. It contains threadlike fibers made of protein, with three types.
- The centrosome is an organelle associated with the cytoskeleton, made of microtubules. It aids in cell division.
- Cilia and flagella are organelles associated with the cytoskeleton, with cilia aiding fluid movement across the cell's surface and flagella propelling the entire cell.
- The nucleus contains genetic material and is surrounded by a nuclear envelope. It protects DNA and houses the nucleolus where ribosomes are formed.
- Ribosomes, the cell's protein builders, are located on the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and floating in the cytoplasm.
- The smooth ER is a network of membranes and sacs that makes lipids, chemically modifies molecules, and stores calcium.
- The Golgi apparatus processes, sorts, and ships proteins, acting as the cell's shipping center.
- Lysosomes contain hydrolytic enzymes for breaking down waste and can initiate programmed cell death.
- Vacuoles in animal cells are small and numerous, serving as storage for water, nutrients, and waste.
- The mitochondria, with folded inner membranes and enzyme-packed fluid, is where cellular respiration occurs to release energy in the form of ATP.
- Over 70% of living tissue consists of water, while about 26% is composed of macromolecules, the large biological molecules in living organisms.
- Macromolecules, such as DNA, proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids, play critical roles in running the body, containing genetic information, and providing energy. DNA stores and transmits genetic information and proteins have various roles like enzymes, structural support, and transport.
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Description
Test your knowledge of cell organelles and macromolecules in this quiz. Explore the functions and structures of key organelles like the nucleus, mitochondria, and Golgi apparatus, as well as the roles of macromolecules such as DNA, proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids in cellular processes.