Cell Organelles and Macromolecules Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a macromolecule essential to the overall function of cells and the human body?

Nucleotide

Fatty acid

Monosaccharide

Amino acid (correct)

What is the critical importance of chromosome duplication prior to cell division in the cell cycle?

Preventing mutations

Ensuring each daughter cell receives a complete set of genetic information (correct)

Ensuring genetic diversity

Providing energy for cell division

What is the relationship between DNA, chromosomes, and genes?

Chromosomes are made up of DNA which contain genes (correct)

DNA is made up of genes which form chromosomes

Chromosomes are made up of genes which contain DNA

Genes are made up of DNA which form chromosomes

What is the role of the cell membrane in controlling what goes in and out of the cell?

It regulates the movement of nutrients into the cell Signup and view all the answers

What does the phrase 'form dictates function' mean in the context of biology?

The structure of an organism determines its function Signup and view all the answers

What is homeostasis?

The maintenance of a stable internal environment within an organism Signup and view all the answers

Which processes play roles in regulating homeostasis?

Enzymes and cellular transport Signup and view all the answers

What is the most basic unit of life?

Cells Signup and view all the answers

What can impact an organism's homeostasis?

Breakdowns in cell communication Signup and view all the answers

What do signal transduction pathways involve?

Specificity in receptor proteins and second messengers Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of undifferentiated cells undergoing specialization to become specific types of cells with different functions called?

Cell differentiation Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of the cell cycle involves the splitting of the cytoplasm to form two identical daughter cells?

Cytokinesis Signup and view all the answers

What refers to the process of maintaining stability of an internal environment within an organism?

Homeostasis Signup and view all the answers

What type of feedback inhibits a body process?

Negative feedback Signup and view all the answers

What process ensures the stability of the internal environment by balancing the rate of loss with the rate of gain?

Homeostasis Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle aids in cell division?

Centrosome Signup and view all the answers

Where are ribosomes located in the cell?

Cytoplasm Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of lysosomes?

Waste breakdown Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is responsible for cellular respiration?

Mitochondria Signup and view all the answers

What are macromolecules composed of?

Amino acids Signup and view all the answers

What is the sensory organ that receives the stimulus in a feedback loop?

Receptor Signup and view all the answers

What are substances that speed up reactions without being permanently altered?

Catalysts Signup and view all the answers

What type of feedback loop occurs when the output of a system causes a counter response to return to a set point?

Negative feedback loop Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect caused by the stimulus in a feedback loop?

Response Signup and view all the answers

How can cells regulate metabolism by controlling the activity of an enzyme?

Turning synthesis of enzymes off or on Signup and view all the answers

What is a common example of a feedback loop mentioned in the text?

Human body temperature regulation Signup and view all the answers

In a feedback loop, what is the role of the 'effector'?

An organ that does the response Signup and view all the answers

What are substances that speed up reactions without being permanently altered called?

Catalysts Signup and view all the answers

How can cells regulate metabolism by controlling the 'activity' of an enzyme?

By turning the synthesis of enzymes off or on Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the 'inhibitor' in a metabolic pathway?

Inhibit the process by controlling the enzyme activity Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of listing each type of body cavity covered in class with a brief description?

To provide an understanding of the different body cavities and their functions Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of differentiating between the functions of the 4 types of connective tissue?

To understand the diverse roles and structures of connective tissue in the human body Signup and view all the answers

What does classifying epithelial tissue based on the number of cell layers and cell shape help in achieving?

Understanding the structure and function of epithelial tissue Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to be able to identify the body region, body plane, and/or body cavity given a diagram or description?

To communicate effectively using anatomical vocabulary Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of being able to draw an example of each type of muscle tissue and explain the unique role each play?

To understand the specific functions of different muscle tissues in the human body Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of creating a chart to distinguish between the functions and key structures of the 12 main organ systems?

To provide a visual representation of the functions and key structures of the 12 main organ systems Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cell Organelles and Macromolecules

The cytoplasm is vital for maintaining stable internal conditions and communication. It contains threadlike fibers made of protein, with three types.
The centrosome is an organelle associated with the cytoskeleton, made of microtubules. It aids in cell division.
Cilia and flagella are organelles associated with the cytoskeleton, with cilia aiding fluid movement across the cell's surface and flagella propelling the entire cell.
The nucleus contains genetic material and is surrounded by a nuclear envelope. It protects DNA and houses the nucleolus where ribosomes are formed.
Ribosomes, the cell's protein builders, are located on the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and floating in the cytoplasm.
The smooth ER is a network of membranes and sacs that makes lipids, chemically modifies molecules, and stores calcium.
The Golgi apparatus processes, sorts, and ships proteins, acting as the cell's shipping center.
Lysosomes contain hydrolytic enzymes for breaking down waste and can initiate programmed cell death.
Vacuoles in animal cells are small and numerous, serving as storage for water, nutrients, and waste.
The mitochondria, with folded inner membranes and enzyme-packed fluid, is where cellular respiration occurs to release energy in the form of ATP.
Over 70% of living tissue consists of water, while about 26% is composed of macromolecules, the large biological molecules in living organisms.
Macromolecules, such as DNA, proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids, play critical roles in running the body, containing genetic information, and providing energy. DNA stores and transmits genetic information and proteins have various roles like enzymes, structural support, and transport.

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Description

Test your knowledge of cell organelles and macromolecules in this quiz. Explore the functions and structures of key organelles like the nucleus, mitochondria, and Golgi apparatus, as well as the roles of macromolecules such as DNA, proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids in cellular processes.