Cell Organelles and Functions Quiz

Cell Organelles and their Functions

• Cytoplasm: Fluid that serves as a medium between the cell membrane and nucleus, providing protection for organelles.

• Nucleus: Contains hereditary information, overseeing cell growth and reproduction; referred to as the cell’s "command center."

• Ribosome: Small particles within the cell responsible for synthesizing proteins.

• Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): Complex network of membranes acting as passageways for transporting proteins and materials within the cell.

• Golgi Apparatus: Structure responsible for modifying, packaging, and transporting materials, either out of the cell or for internal storage.

• Lysosome: Enzyme-filled organelle crucial for breaking down cellular waste and large particles; primarily found in animal cells.

• Vacuole: Sac-like structure used for storing water, nutrients, and waste; plays a role in maintaining cell turgor.

• Mitochondrion: Known as the powerhouse of the cell, it contains enzymes that play a key role in energy production through metabolism and respiration.

• Chloroplast: Organelle in plant cells (and some other organisms) that captures sunlight for photosynthesis, converting it into chemical energy.

• Cytoskeleton: Network of protein filaments that provides structural support, helping maintain cell shape and enabling movement.

• Cilia: Hair-like structures on the cell surface that assist in movement and fluid transport across cell surfaces.

• Flagellum: Single whip-like projection that facilitates cell mobility.

• Cell Membrane: Semi-permeable barrier surrounding the cell, controlling the entry and exit of substances.

• Cell Wall: Rigid outer layer providing support and protection, found in plants, algae, fungi, and some bacteria.

• Centriole: Animal cell structure involved in organizing and orchestrating cell division.