Cell Biology: Cell Organelles and Functions
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Questions and Answers

What is the main function of cholesterol in the cell membrane?

  • To provide a barrier for the cell against the external environment
  • To facilitate the movement of particles across the membrane
  • To aid in the degradation of proteins embedded in the membrane
  • To act as a stabilizer during elevated temperatures and restrict motion (correct)
  • What is the term for the movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration?

  • Diffusion (correct)
  • Facilitated diffusion
  • Active transport
  • Osmosis
  • Which type of protein is embedded in the cell membrane and facilitates the transport of large molecules?

  • Lipid proteins
  • Integral proteins (correct)
  • Glycoproteins
  • Peripheral proteins
  • What is the term for the movement of particles against their concentration gradient, requiring energy expenditure?

    <p>Active transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a solution that has the same concentration of solutes as the cell?

    <p>Isotonic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which the cell takes in large molecules or particles through the formation of vesicles?

    <p>Endocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Golgi complex in the cell?

    <p>To receive and modify proteins and lipids from the ER</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main component of the cytoskeleton that provides structural support and movement within the cell?

    <p>Microtubules and microfilaments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of aerobic cellular respiration?

    <p>To generate ATP through the use of oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of microtubule-organizing centers (MTOCs) in the cell?

    <p>To assist in the movement of chromosomes during cell division</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of lysosomes in the cell?

    <p>To contain digestive enzymes to break down waste products and harmful materials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of centrioles in the cell?

    <p>To form a hollow cylinder and assist in microtubule assembly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Cytosol and Endoplasmic Reticulum

    • Cytosol: fluid portion of the cell
    • Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): modifies and transports proteins after they're made
    • Rough ER: portion with attached ribosomes
    • Smooth ER: no attached ribosomes, responsible for lipid synthesis

    Golgi Complex and Lysosomes

    • Golgi complex: receives and alters lipids and proteins from ER, ships them to other cell parts
    • Lysosomes: contain digestive enzymes to break down waste and harmful materials

    Energy and Cellular Respiration

    • ATP (adenosine triphosphate): high-energy molecule providing energy for the cell
    • Aerobic cellular respiration: uses oxygen, produces carbon dioxide, water, and ATP

    Cytoskeleton

    • Cytoskeleton: network of protein fibers providing structural support and movement within the cell
    • Contains microtubules and microfilaments
    • Microtubules: hollow cylinders involved in chromosome movement during cell division and cilia/flagella structure
    • MTOCs (microtubule-organizing centers): microtubules grow outward from here to assist in chromosome movement
    • Centrioles: inside centrosomes, form hollow cylinders, assist in microtubule assembly
    • Microfilaments: two intertwined chains of actin, work with myosin to cause cell constriction and muscle contraction

    Cell Coat and Membrane

    • Cell coat: made up of polysaccharide side chains, glycoproteins, lipids, and extracellular matrix fluid
    • Mosaic model: phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins
    • Membrane components: lipids (amphipathic phospholipids, cholesterol) and proteins (peripheral, integral)
    • Selective permeability: allows only certain materials to pass through the membrane

    Transport

    • Diffusion: passive transport, along concentration gradient
    • Active transport: requires energy expenditure, moves particles against concentration gradient
    • Special methods: endocytosis and exocytosis
    • Diffusion principles:
      • Osmosis: equalizes solute concentrations
      • Isotonic: equal solutes inside and outside
      • Hypertonic: more solutes outside the cell
      • Hypotonic: more solutes inside the cell
    • Facilitated diffusion: diffusion of large, lipid-insoluble molecules using integral proteins

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    Description

    This quiz covers the different cell organelles, including cytosol, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complex, and lysosomes, their functions, and the role of ATP in the cell.

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