Cell Biology: Cell Organelles and Functions
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Questions and Answers

What is the main function of cholesterol in the cell membrane?

  • To provide a barrier for the cell against the external environment
  • To facilitate the movement of particles across the membrane
  • To aid in the degradation of proteins embedded in the membrane
  • To act as a stabilizer during elevated temperatures and restrict motion (correct)

What is the term for the movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration?

  • Diffusion (correct)
  • Facilitated diffusion
  • Active transport
  • Osmosis

Which type of protein is embedded in the cell membrane and facilitates the transport of large molecules?

  • Lipid proteins
  • Integral proteins (correct)
  • Glycoproteins
  • Peripheral proteins

What is the term for the movement of particles against their concentration gradient, requiring energy expenditure?

<p>Active transport (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a solution that has the same concentration of solutes as the cell?

<p>Isotonic (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process by which the cell takes in large molecules or particles through the formation of vesicles?

<p>Endocytosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Golgi complex in the cell?

<p>To receive and modify proteins and lipids from the ER (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main component of the cytoskeleton that provides structural support and movement within the cell?

<p>Microtubules and microfilaments (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of aerobic cellular respiration?

<p>To generate ATP through the use of oxygen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of microtubule-organizing centers (MTOCs) in the cell?

<p>To assist in the movement of chromosomes during cell division (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of lysosomes in the cell?

<p>To contain digestive enzymes to break down waste products and harmful materials (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of centrioles in the cell?

<p>To form a hollow cylinder and assist in microtubule assembly (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cytosol and Endoplasmic Reticulum

  • Cytosol: fluid portion of the cell
  • Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): modifies and transports proteins after they're made
  • Rough ER: portion with attached ribosomes
  • Smooth ER: no attached ribosomes, responsible for lipid synthesis

Golgi Complex and Lysosomes

  • Golgi complex: receives and alters lipids and proteins from ER, ships them to other cell parts
  • Lysosomes: contain digestive enzymes to break down waste and harmful materials

Energy and Cellular Respiration

  • ATP (adenosine triphosphate): high-energy molecule providing energy for the cell
  • Aerobic cellular respiration: uses oxygen, produces carbon dioxide, water, and ATP

Cytoskeleton

  • Cytoskeleton: network of protein fibers providing structural support and movement within the cell
  • Contains microtubules and microfilaments
  • Microtubules: hollow cylinders involved in chromosome movement during cell division and cilia/flagella structure
  • MTOCs (microtubule-organizing centers): microtubules grow outward from here to assist in chromosome movement
  • Centrioles: inside centrosomes, form hollow cylinders, assist in microtubule assembly
  • Microfilaments: two intertwined chains of actin, work with myosin to cause cell constriction and muscle contraction

Cell Coat and Membrane

  • Cell coat: made up of polysaccharide side chains, glycoproteins, lipids, and extracellular matrix fluid
  • Mosaic model: phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins
  • Membrane components: lipids (amphipathic phospholipids, cholesterol) and proteins (peripheral, integral)
  • Selective permeability: allows only certain materials to pass through the membrane

Transport

  • Diffusion: passive transport, along concentration gradient
  • Active transport: requires energy expenditure, moves particles against concentration gradient
  • Special methods: endocytosis and exocytosis
  • Diffusion principles:
    • Osmosis: equalizes solute concentrations
    • Isotonic: equal solutes inside and outside
    • Hypertonic: more solutes outside the cell
    • Hypotonic: more solutes inside the cell
  • Facilitated diffusion: diffusion of large, lipid-insoluble molecules using integral proteins

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Description

This quiz covers the different cell organelles, including cytosol, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complex, and lysosomes, their functions, and the role of ATP in the cell.

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