Cell Organelles and Functions

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Questions and Answers

Which cellular structure is primarily responsible for generating energy in the form of ATP through cellular respiration?

  • Lysosome
  • Golgi apparatus
  • Endoplasmic reticulum
  • Mitochondrion (correct)

A plant cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will most likely happen to the cell?

  • The cell will become turgid due to water intake.
  • There will be no change in the cell's appearance.
  • The cell will burst due to excessive water intake.
  • The cell will shrink due to water loss. (correct)

Which of the following best describes the primary function of the Golgi apparatus?

  • Storing water and nutrients
  • Modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids (correct)
  • Synthesizing proteins
  • Generating energy through cellular respiration

A student is observing a cell under a microscope and notices a prominent structure that appears to control all cell activities. Which structure is the student most likely observing?

<p>Nucleus (B)</p>
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Which of the following transport mechanisms requires the cell to expend energy?

<p>Active transport (D)</p>
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What is the role of ribosomes within a cell?

<p>Synthesis of proteins (C)</p>
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A cell membrane that allows some substances to pass through easily while blocking others is best described as:

<p>Selectively permeable (D)</p>
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What would happen to a freshwater plant cell if it were placed in a saltwater solution?

<p>The cell would lose water and plasmolyze. (B)</p>
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Which organelle is responsible for photosynthesis in plant cells?

<p>Chloroplast (D)</p>
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What is the primary function of lysosomes in animal cells?

<p>Intracellular digestion (B)</p>
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic commonly associated with living things?

<p>Ability to move (A)</p>
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Turgor pressure is most directly related to which process?

<p>Osmosis (D)</p>
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When using a microscope, what is the purpose of the diaphragm?

<p>To adjust the amount of light passing through the specimen (A)</p>
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Which structure is responsible for synthesizing lipids and detoxifying drugs?

<p>Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (D)</p>
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What is the main function of the cell wall in plant cells?

<p>Providing support and protection (C)</p>
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Which process explains the movement of oxygen from a high concentration in the lungs to a low concentration in the blood?

<p>Diffusion (D)</p>
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What is the role of the vacuole in a plant cell?

<p>Storing water, nutrients, and waste products (C)</p>
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How does the surface area to volume ratio affect a cell's ability to function?

<p>A higher ratio increases efficiency of material exchange. (B)</p>
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A scientist observes that a cell is able to engulf large particles from its environment. Which process is most likely responsible for this?

<p>Endocytosis (A)</p>
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Which of the following best describes the function of the cytoplasm?

<p>To house the organelles and facilitate cellular processes (B)</p>
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Flashcards

Living things

Basic structural and functional units of life, capable of metabolism, growth, reproduction, and adaptation.

Nucleus

The control center of the cell, containing DNA and regulating gene expression.

Cell Wall

A rigid outer layer that provides support and protection to plant cells.

Cell Membrane

The outer boundary of the cell that controls the movement of substances in and out.

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Cytoplasm

The gel-like substance within the cell where organelles are located and chemical reactions occur.

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Vacuole

A storage sac within the cell that stores water, nutrients, and waste products.

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Mitochondria

The powerhouse of the cell, responsible for generating energy (ATP) through cellular respiration.

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Chloroplast

Organelle in plant cells responsible for photosynthesis, converting light energy into chemical energy.

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Lysosomes

Organelles containing enzymes that break down waste materials and cellular debris.

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Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

A network of membranes involved in protein and lipid synthesis.

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Golgi Apparatus

Processes and packages proteins and lipids for transport within or out of the cell.

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Ribosomes

Sites of protein synthesis; can be free in the cytoplasm or attached to the ER.

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Permeable

Allows all molecules to pass through.

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Semi-permeable

Allows some molecules to pass through, but not all.

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Selectively-permeable

Selects which molecules can pass through based on specific criteria.

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Impermeable

Does not allow any molecules to pass through.

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Diffusion

The net movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

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Osmosis

The movement of water molecules from a region of higher water concentration to a region of lower water concentration through a semipermeable membrane.

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Turgor pressure

The pressure exerted by water inside a cell against the cell wall; helps maintain cell rigidity.

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Study Notes

  • Living things share characteristics such as organization, metabolism, growth, reproduction, response to stimuli, and adaptation.

Organelles and Their Functions

  • Nucleus: The control center of the cell, containing DNA and regulating gene expression.
  • Cell Wall: Provides support, structure, and protection in plant cells, composed of cellulose.
  • Cell Membrane: A selectively permeable barrier surrounding the cell, regulating the movement of substances in and out.
  • Cytoplasm: The gel-like substance within the cell, containing organelles and facilitating cellular processes.
  • Vacuole: Stores water, nutrients, and waste products; helps maintain cell turgor.
  • Mitochondria: The powerhouse of the cell, responsible for ATP (energy) production through cellular respiration.
  • Chloroplast: Found in plant cells, conducts photosynthesis, converting light energy into chemical energy.
  • Lysosomes: Contain enzymes for breaking down cellular waste, debris, and foreign materials.
  • Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): Involved in protein and lipid synthesis; rough ER contains ribosomes.
  • Golgi Apparatus: Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for transport within or outside the cell.
  • Ribosomes: Sites of protein synthesis, translating mRNA into proteins.

Using a Microscope

  • Prepare a specimen by mounting it on a slide.
  • Start with the lowest power objective lens.
  • Focus using coarse and fine focus knobs.
  • Adjust light intensity and magnification as needed.

Membrane Permeability

  • Permeable: Allows all substances to pass through freely.
  • Semi-Permeable: Allows some substances to pass through while blocking others.
  • Selectively-Permeable: Regulates the passage of specific substances.
  • Impermeable: Does not allow any substances to pass through.

Diffusion

  • The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
  • Driven by the concentration gradient.
  • Does not require energy input (passive transport).

Osmosis

  • The movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane from an area of high water concentration (low solute concentration) to an area of low water concentration (high solute concentration).
  • A type of passive transport.

Turgor Pressure

  • The pressure exerted by the cell's contents against the cell wall in plant cells.
  • Helps maintain cell rigidity and structure.
  • Dependent on the osmotic movement of water into the cell.

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