Cell Organelle Functions Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What is the function of the Plasma (cell) Membrane?

  • Makes ribosomes
  • Controls all cell functions
  • Produces lipids
  • Maintains homeostasis for the cell (correct)

    • What does the Nucleolus do?

    Makes ribosomes

    What is the primary function of the Nucleus?

    Controls all cell functions

    What is the role of ribosomes?

    <p>Makes proteins according to the instructions given by DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum produce?

    <p>Produces lipids and breaks down toxins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum?

    <p>Site of protein synthesis and packaging, provides a transport system between nucleus and cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Cytoskeleton do?

    <p>Forms a framework for the cell and anchors organelles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the Golgi Apparatus?

    <p>Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for transport out of the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do Lysosomes digest?

    <p>Excess or worn-out organelles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the Nuclear Membrane?

    <p>Protects the nucleus, allows ribosomes and larger molecules in and out</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Cytoplasm do?

    <p>Suspends the cell's organelles and is the site of many biochemical reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Centrioles?

    <p>Facilitates cell division</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do Chloroplasts do?

    <p>Traps energy from sunlight in leaves; site of photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of a Vacuole?

    <p>Stores food, water, and sometimes waste materials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the Cell Wall?

    <p>Protects and gives plant cells and some bacteria their shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do Mitochondria do?

    <p>Site of cellular respiration - converts glucose into usable energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an Organelle?

    <p>Specialized structure that performs important cellular functions within a eukaryotic cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Eukaryotic Cell?

    <p>A type of cell with a membrane-enclosed nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Prokaryotic Cell?

    <p>A type of cell lacking a membrane-enclosed nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles; found only in the domains Bacteria and Archaea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are Cilia?

    <p>Hairlike projections that extend from the plasma membrane and are used for locomotion and feeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of Flagella?

    <p>A long, whip-like projection that helps in cell motility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are Microtubules?

    <p>Hollow, tubular proteins that form the cytoskeleton, flagella, and cilia of eukaryotic cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do Peroxisomes contain?

    <p>Oxidase enzymes that detoxify alcohol, hydrogen peroxide, and other harmful chemicals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Vesicle?

    <p>Small membrane-bound sac that functions in moving products into, out of, and within a cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Cell Organelles and Their Functions

    • Plasma Membrane: Essential for maintaining homeostasis, regulating what enters and exits the cell.
    • Nucleolus: Site of ribosome production, crucial for protein synthesis.
    • Nucleus: Control center of the cell, governing all cellular functions and activities.
    • Ribosome: Synthesize proteins by translating the genetic instructions from DNA.
    • Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum: Involved in lipid production and the detoxification of harmful substances.
    • Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum: The surface is studded with ribosomes; key location for protein synthesis and transport between nucleus and cytoplasm.
    • Cytoskeleton: Provides structural support, maintaining cell shape and anchoring organelles.
    • Golgi Apparatus: Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for secretion outside the cell.
    • Lysosome: Contains enzymes that digest and recycle excess or damaged organelles.
    • Nuclear Membrane: Surrounds the nucleus, regulating molecular exchange and providing protection.
    • Cytoplasm: Gel-like substance that houses organelles and is the site of numerous biochemical reactions.
    • Centrioles: Play a critical role in cell division by facilitating chromosomal separation.
    • Chloroplast: Found in plant cells, captures sunlight energy for photosynthesis, converting it into chemical energy.
    • Vacuole: Storage unit for nutrients, water, and waste products; larger in plant cells.
    • Cell Wall: Provides structural support and protection to plant cells and some bacteria, maintains shape.
    • Mitochondria: Powerhouse of the cell, site of cellular respiration where glucose is converted into ATP (usable energy).
    • Organelle: Specialized structures within eukaryotic cells that perform distinct cellular functions.
    • Eukaryotic Cell: Complex cell type with a membrane-bound nucleus and organelles, found in plants, animals, fungi.
    • Prokaryotic Cell: Simpler cell type without a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles, encompasses bacteria and archaea.
    • Cilia: Short, hairlike projections aiding in movement and feeding through coordinated beating.
    • Flagella: Long, whip-like structure that enables motility in certain cells.
    • Microtubules: Component of the cytoskeleton, providing shape and facilitating movement of organelles and structures.
    • Peroxisomes: Contain enzymes to break down fatty acids and detoxify harmful compounds, including alcohol and hydrogen peroxide.
    • Vesicle: Small membrane-bound sacs involved in transporting molecules within and outside of the cell.

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    Test your knowledge of cell organelles and their functions with these flashcards. Each card provides key terms and concise definitions that highlight the essential roles of various organelles in maintaining cellular activities.

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