Cell Biology: Organelles Quiz

Study Notes

Nucleus

Discovered by Robert Brown in 1831.
Regulates the flow of materials in and out of the nucleus.
Maintains the shape of the nucleus.

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Discovered by Porter in 1945.
Plays a key role in the metabolism of carbohydrates, synthesis of lipids, steroids, hormones, and proteins.
Rough ER is responsible for protein synthesis.
Smooth ER is responsible for steroid and fat synthesis.

Golgi Bodies

Discovered by Camilo Golgi in 1898.
Known as the "cell's post office," processing, packaging, transporting, and releasing secretory proteins.
Has two distinct phases: forming face (cis region) and maturing face (trans region).

Lysosomes

Discovered by Christian de Duve in 1955.
Formed by the fusion of phagosome and lysosome.
Responsible for the color of petals.
Involved in osmoregulation and excretion.
Food vacuoles within lysosomes contain digestive enzymes and aid in nutrient digestion.

Vacuoles

Discovered by Robinson and Brown in 1953.
Formed through the fusion of vacuoles from phagosome and lysosome.
Contractile vacuoles are responsible for osmoregulation and excretion.
Food vacuoles contain digestive enzymes.

Ribosomes

Discovered by Robinson & Brown (plants) & Palade (animals) in 1953 and 1955 respectively.
Protein synthesizers.
They are not membrane-bound.
Ribosomes form chains on messenger RNA, creating polyribosomes or polysomes.

Mitochondria

Discovered by Kolliker in 1850.
Often referred to as the "powerhouse of the cell."
Involved in cellular respiration, producing ATP for the cell.
Bound by the cell membrane.

Plastids

Discovered by Ernst Haeckel in 1866.
Includes chloroplasts, leucoplasts, and chromoplasts.

Description

Test your knowledge on various cell organelles and their functions, including the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, lysosomes, and vacuoles. This quiz covers historical discoveries and the roles of these essential cell structures. Enhance your understanding of the cellular world with this engaging quiz.