6 Questions
Which of the following is needed for frog metamorphosis?
Thyroxine
What is the same in all organisms according to the concept of the fundamental unity of life?
Cell organelles and their functions
Who first conducted the blood precipitation test?
A-F. Nuttal
What was the result when rabbit antihuman serum was mixed with anthropoid ape serum during Nuttal's experiment?
Thick precipitate formed
During the blood precipitation test, what was the result when rabbit serum was mixed with dog serum?
No precipitate formed
What term is used to describe tests that measure the reaction of blood serum with antibodies?
Serological tests
Study Notes
Evidences from Cell and Molecular Biology
- Cell and molecular biology provide the most convincing evidence for evolution.
- These studies were conducted under the MET (Molecular Evolutionary Taxonomy) framework.
Fundamental Unity of Life
- All organisms, regardless of their complexity, share common characteristics, including:
- Cell organelles with similar functions
- DNA composed of the same nucleotides
- Similar metabolic reactions
- The example of thyroxine and its role in frog metamorphosis demonstrates the same biological function across different organisms.
Blood Precipitation Tests (Serological Tests)
- Conducted by A.F. Nuttall, these tests involved injecting human serum into rabbits, which triggered the production of antihuman antibodies in the rabbit serum (antihuman serum).
- When mixed with serum from different animals, the test results showed:
- Thick precipitate formation with anthropoid ape serum, indicating a close evolutionary relationship
- Moderate precipitate formation with monkey serum
- No precipitate formation with dog serum
- These results suggest that anthropoid apes are more closely related to humans.
Biochemical Tests
- Similar reactions occur across different animal groups, including:
- Amphibians (e.g., frogs)
- Birds
- Mammals
- These biochemical similarities provide further evidence for evolutionary relationships among organisms.
Explore the fundamental unity of life through cell organelles, DNA, and biological reactions, and understand the concept of blood precipitation tests.
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