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Questions and Answers
What is the smallest unit of life in the human body?
What is the smallest unit of life in the human body?
- Cell (correct)
- Cell membrane
- Organ
- Tissue
Why do cells need to transport nutrients and waste products across their membrane?
Why do cells need to transport nutrients and waste products across their membrane?
- To maintain a constant internal environment
- To generate energy for the cell
- To respond to external stimuli
- To survive and function properly (correct)
What is the general rule of thumb for transporting molecules across the cell membrane?
What is the general rule of thumb for transporting molecules across the cell membrane?
- The more complex the molecule, the smaller the transport mechanism
- The larger the molecule, the larger the transport mechanism (correct)
- The smaller the molecule, the larger the transport mechanism
- The simpler the molecule, the larger the transport mechanism
Why is the potassium leak channel called a 'leak' channel?
Why is the potassium leak channel called a 'leak' channel?
What is the relative concentration of potassium ions inside and outside the cell?
What is the relative concentration of potassium ions inside and outside the cell?
What is the opposite of the concentration gradient of potassium ions for sodium ions?
What is the opposite of the concentration gradient of potassium ions for sodium ions?
What is the main difference between the transport of small solutes and large molecules across the cell membrane?
What is the main difference between the transport of small solutes and large molecules across the cell membrane?
What is the purpose of discussing transport mechanisms in the context of cell biology?
What is the purpose of discussing transport mechanisms in the context of cell biology?
What is the direction of potassium flow in a cell with an open potassium channel?
What is the direction of potassium flow in a cell with an open potassium channel?
What type of transport mechanism is involved when potassium ions flow out of a cell through an open channel?
What type of transport mechanism is involved when potassium ions flow out of a cell through an open channel?
What is the name of the process that moves sodium out of a cell and potassium into a cell against their concentration gradients?
What is the name of the process that moves sodium out of a cell and potassium into a cell against their concentration gradients?
What is the energy source used by the sodium potassium pump?
What is the energy source used by the sodium potassium pump?
What type of active transport is the sodium potassium pump an example of?
What type of active transport is the sodium potassium pump an example of?
What is the name of the protein that helps sodium enter enterocytes in the gut?
What is the name of the protein that helps sodium enter enterocytes in the gut?
What type of transport is involved in the movement of glucose into enterocytes in the gut?
What type of transport is involved in the movement of glucose into enterocytes in the gut?
What is the purpose of the sodium potassium pump in a cell?
What is the purpose of the sodium potassium pump in a cell?
What is the difference between passive transport and active transport?
What is the difference between passive transport and active transport?
What is the name of the process that involves the movement of solutes in space?
What is the name of the process that involves the movement of solutes in space?
What type of transport is used when sodium and glucose move in the same direction?
What type of transport is used when sodium and glucose move in the same direction?
What is the direction of sodium movement in antiport?
What is the direction of sodium movement in antiport?
What is the purpose of the vesicle in endocytosis?
What is the purpose of the vesicle in endocytosis?
What is the term for the process of moving molecules into the cell using vesicles?
What is the term for the process of moving molecules into the cell using vesicles?
What is the role of the Golgi apparatus in protein transport?
What is the role of the Golgi apparatus in protein transport?
What is the energy requirement for secondary active transport?
What is the energy requirement for secondary active transport?
What is the difference between symport and antiport?
What is the difference between symport and antiport?
What is the term for the process of moving molecules out of the cell using vesicles?
What is the term for the process of moving molecules out of the cell using vesicles?
What is the purpose of the sodium gradient in secondary active transport?
What is the purpose of the sodium gradient in secondary active transport?
What is the term for the movement of molecules down their concentration gradient?
What is the term for the movement of molecules down their concentration gradient?
What is the process called when a vesicle fuses with the cell membrane and releases its contents outside the cell?
What is the process called when a vesicle fuses with the cell membrane and releases its contents outside the cell?
Why is exocytosis considered the opposite of endocytosis?
Why is exocytosis considered the opposite of endocytosis?
What is the result of a vesicle fusing with the cell membrane during exocytosis?
What is the result of a vesicle fusing with the cell membrane during exocytosis?
Why is it important to understand the mechanisms of moving molecules across the cell membrane?
Why is it important to understand the mechanisms of moving molecules across the cell membrane?
What is the energy requirement for exocytosis?
What is the energy requirement for exocytosis?
What is the site where the vesicle is initially formed in the process of exocytosis?
What is the site where the vesicle is initially formed in the process of exocytosis?
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Study Notes
Cell Transport Mechanisms
- The cell, the smallest unit of life, needs nutrients and must eliminate waste products, requiring the ability to transport substances across the cell membrane.
- The size of the passenger or waste product determines the type of transport mechanism used.
Passive Transport
- Passive transport occurs without the use of energy.
- Types of passive transport include:
- Diffusion: movement of solutes in space
- Osmosis: movement of water
- Filtration: movement of substances in the kidney
- Facilitated diffusion: uses a protein channel to facilitate transport
Potassium Leak Channel
- A potassium leak channel is a type of facilitated diffusion.
- Potassium has a high concentration inside the cell and a low concentration outside.
- When the channel is open, potassium flows down its concentration gradient from inside to outside the cell.
Active Transport
- Active transport uses energy to transport substances against their concentration gradient.
- Types of active transport include:
- Primary active transport: directly uses ATP energy
- Secondary active transport: uses a gradient set up by primary active transport
Sodium-Potassium Pump
- A sodium-potassium pump is an example of primary active transport.
- It uses ATP energy to transport sodium out of the cell and potassium into the cell against their concentration gradients.
Secondary Active Transport
- In the gut, sodium enters the cell through a protein channel, and glucose enters with it, using the sodium gradient (symport).
- Glucose is then transported out of the cell into the bloodstream, using a different protein channel and sodium flowing in the opposite direction (antiport).
Vesicular Transport
- Vesicles are small pockets of cell membrane that surround cargo, such as proteins.
- Endocytosis: vesicles fuse with the cell membrane, allowing cargo to enter the cell.
- Exocytosis: vesicles fuse with the cell membrane, allowing cargo to exit the cell.
- Both endocytosis and exocytosis use a lot of energy.
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