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Questions and Answers
What is the main characteristic of osmosis?
What is the main characteristic of osmosis?
- It is the movement of water from a more dilute to a more concentrated solution. (correct)
- It requires energy to occur.
- It involves the movement of solutes across the membrane.
- It moves substances from lower concentration to higher concentration.
Which process involves the accumulation of substances on one side of the cell membrane?
Which process involves the accumulation of substances on one side of the cell membrane?
- Osmosis
- Diffusion
- Active transport (correct)
- Facilitated diffusion
In which process are solid particles ingested by a cell?
In which process are solid particles ingested by a cell?
- Pinocytosis
- Diffusion
- Facilitated diffusion
- Phagocytosis (correct)
What is the primary function of a selectively permeable membrane?
What is the primary function of a selectively permeable membrane?
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Which mechanism requires ATP to function?
Which mechanism requires ATP to function?
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Study Notes
Cellular Transport Mechanisms
- Diffusion: Movement of substances from areas of higher concentration to lower concentration; essential for gas exchange and nutrient distribution.
- Osmosis: A specialized form of diffusion that specifically refers to the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane, transferring from dilute to concentrated solutions.
- Facilitated Diffusion: Process of transporting substances across a cell membrane through specific proteins, moving from higher to lower concentrations without energy expenditure.
Active Transport
- Involves moving substances against their concentration gradient, from areas of lower concentration to higher concentration.
- Requires energy in the form of ATP to facilitate the movement.
- Examples include the transport of amino acids from the small intestine (SI) into the bloodstream and the sodium-potassium (Na-K) pump, which is critical for nerve impulse transmission and muscle contraction.
Endocytosis Processes
- Phagocytosis: The process by which a cell engulfs solid particles (e.g., pathogens), allowing for immune defense and nutrient uptake.
- Pinocytosis: Similar to phagocytosis, but involves the ingestion of liquid substances; smaller vesicles containing fluids are formed during this process.
Selectively Permeable Membrane
- A selectively permeable membrane allows certain substances to pass while restricting the flow of others, crucial for maintaining homeostasis.
- This selective permeability is vital for regulating internal cellular environments, letting essential nutrients in while keeping harmful substances out.
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