Cell Membrane Structure and Proteins

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What is the primary function of the membrane skeleton in red blood cells?

To create a concentration gradient across the membrane
To regulate the transport of ions across the membrane
To anchor some integral proteins and allow others to diffuse laterally (correct)
To facilitate the insertion of hydrophobic peptides into the bilayer

What type of proteins use energy from ATP hydrolysis to transport ions across membranes?

Integral membrane proteins
Primary transporters (correct)
Pore-forming proteins
Peripheral membrane proteins

Which type of protein is characterized by partial insertion of hydrophobic peptides into the bilayer?

Peripheral membrane proteins
Pore-forming proteins
Integral membrane proteins
Prostaglandin synthase (correct)

What is the role of Src and annexins in the membrane?

To interact with charged lipid head groups through electrostatic interactions (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of mutations in the genes for membrane skeleton proteins in red blood cells?

The red blood cells become more susceptible to lysis (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of carriers and channels in membranes?

To depend on gradients created by primary transporters (B) Signup and view all the answers

What type of proteins are embedded within the lipid bilayer and have a functional role in the membrane?

Integral membrane proteins (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the structural elements that provide mechanical support to the membrane?

Membrane skeleton (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of proteins are loosely attached to the membrane and can be easily removed?

Peripheral membrane proteins (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the region of the protein that spans the membrane?

Transmembrane segment (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of proteins form a channel or pore in the membrane, allowing substances to pass through?

Pore-forming proteins (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration, which is facilitated by transport proteins?

Concentration gradient (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of integral membrane proteins with multiple transmembrane helices?

Hydrophobic side chains facing the acyl chains in the core of the bilayer (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of hydrophilic chains in the core of pore-forming integral membrane proteins?

Forming channels to transfer polar molecules across the bilayer (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of integral membrane proteins consist of transmembrane beta-strands wrapped into a barrel?

Porins (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of lipid rafts in the plasma membrane?

Including special membrane proteins involved with signaling (D) Signup and view all the answers

How are peripheral membrane proteins attached to the bilayer?

Covalently bonded to a cysteine residue (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of hydropathy plots in the study of integral membrane proteins?

Identifying transmembrane helices (A) Signup and view all the answers