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Questions and Answers
Which of these is the most common type of diabetes?
Which of these is the most common type of diabetes?
Cholesterol is considered a harmful substance and has no benefits for the body.
Cholesterol is considered a harmful substance and has no benefits for the body.
False (B)
What is the term used to describe the membrane's structure due to the diverse protein molecules embedded in a fluid phospholipid bilayer?
What is the term used to describe the membrane's structure due to the diverse protein molecules embedded in a fluid phospholipid bilayer?
Fluid mosaic model
What are phospholipid molecules with carbohydrate chains attached called?
What are phospholipid molecules with carbohydrate chains attached called?
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Which of these is NOT a function of membrane proteins?
Which of these is NOT a function of membrane proteins?
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Which type of protein helps in recognizing pathogens by the body, triggering the necessary immune response?
Which type of protein helps in recognizing pathogens by the body, triggering the necessary immune response?
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What kind of protein has a specific shape allowing only specific molecules to bind to it, enabling the binding of hormones or chemical messengers?
What kind of protein has a specific shape allowing only specific molecules to bind to it, enabling the binding of hormones or chemical messengers?
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The carbohydrate chains in the plasma membrane are only found on the inside of the cell.
The carbohydrate chains in the plasma membrane are only found on the inside of the cell.
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What is the property of the phospholipid bilayer that allows only certain substances to enter the cell, while keeping others out?
What is the property of the phospholipid bilayer that allows only certain substances to enter the cell, while keeping others out?
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The movement of molecules across the plasma membrane always requires energy expenditure.
The movement of molecules across the plasma membrane always requires energy expenditure.
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What kind of molecule(s) is impermeable to the plasma membrane?
What kind of molecule(s) is impermeable to the plasma membrane?
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The presence of double bonds in fatty acids contributes to a more viscous structure of the membrane.
The presence of double bonds in fatty acids contributes to a more viscous structure of the membrane.
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Unsaturated fatty acids with kinks contribute to membrane fluidity at low temperatures.
Unsaturated fatty acids with kinks contribute to membrane fluidity at low temperatures.
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Which type of protein is responsible for attaching adjacent cells together, primarily seen in animal tissues?
Which type of protein is responsible for attaching adjacent cells together, primarily seen in animal tissues?
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Explain why Type 2 diabetes affects the receptor proteins in the plasma membrane.
Explain why Type 2 diabetes affects the receptor proteins in the plasma membrane.
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Study Notes
Cell Membrane Structure and Functions
- The cell membrane is a selective barrier, separating the cell's interior from the outside environment.
- It's composed of diverse lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins.
- Cholesterol is an important structural component, impacting membrane fluidity.
- LDL cholesterol can clog arterial walls.
- The membrane's structure impacts its function, with different proteins playing roles in transport, adhesion, recognition, and reception.
- Recognition proteins help the body recognize pathogens and trigger the immune response.
Membrane Structure
- The cell membrane is a phospholipid bilayer structure.
- Phospholipids have hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails.
- The bilayer arrangement is favored by the aqueous nature of the intracellular and extracellular environments.
- Molecules embedded in the membrane include proteins and glycolipids.
- Carbohydrate chains are only on the outside of the membrane or on peripheral proteins.
- The model describing the membrane's structure is the fluid mosaic model.
Membrane Fluidity
- Membrane fluidity is crucial for cellular processes like cell movement and protein incorporation.
- The presence of unsaturated hydrocarbon tails in fatty acids maintains membrane fluidity.
- Unsaturated hydrocarbon tails with kinks maintain fluidity at low temperatures.
- The presence of double bonds in fatty acids assists in maintaining membrane fluidity.
- Saturated bonds in fatty acids create a more viscous and rigid membrane at low temperatures.
Membrane Permeability
- The membrane is selectively permeable, meaning it regulates which substances enter and exit the cell.
- Size and chemical nature of molecules affect permeability.
- Polar molecules and larger molecules are often impermeable.
- Small, non-charged molecules are often permeable.
- Concentration gradients affect molecule movement.
Membrane Proteins
- Transport proteins (channel or carrier proteins) facilitate molecule movement across the membrane.
- Adhesion proteins hold cells together in animal tissues.
- Recognition proteins aid in cell recognition.
- Receptor proteins bind to specific molecules, enabling communication between cells.
Functions of the Plasma Membrane
- The cell membrane serves as a primary barrier for the cell.
- It enables cells to receive information or stimuli and allows the cell to move and grow.
- Other functions include selective transport, reception of stimuli, and barrier function.
Impact of Cholesterol on Plasma Membrane
- Cholesterol affects membrane fluidity and influences the structure's function.
- Removing cholesterol changes membrane characteristics and can adversely impact the cell.
Learning Objectives
- Students should be able to describe the structural components of the cell membrane.
- Students should be able to relate the structure and composition of the membrane to its function.
- Identifying different structural components of the plasma membrane.
- Describing the diverse roles of membrane proteins.
- Comparing membrane permeability for polar and non-polar molecules.
Type 2 Diabetes and Plasma Membrane Proteins
- Type 2 diabetes results from cells failing to recognize insulin.
- Receptor proteins in the plasma membrane are most affected.
- The specific receptor protein responsible for insulin recognition is impacted in type 2 diabetes, causing a disruption in proper blood sugar regulation.
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Description
Explore the fascinating world of cell membranes in this quiz. Learn about their unique structure, key components like phospholipids, cholesterol, and the essential roles they play in cellular functions. Understand how the membrane influences transport and immune responses.
