Cell Membrane Structure and Function

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Questions and Answers

What is the function of the cell membrane?

Protects the cell; Controls which molecules go in and out (semi-permeable); Transports things inside the cell.

What is a semi-permeable membrane?

A membrane (as a cell membrane) that allows some molecules to pass through but not others.

What is a bi-layer?

Two layers of phospholipids that make up the cell membrane.

What are hydrophobic tails?

<p>Water hating, made of lipid (fat).</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are hydrophilic heads?

<p>Water loving, made of phosphate (alcohol).</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is surface tension?

<p>A measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is surface area?

<p>The measurement of the outer surface of an object.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are phospholipids?

<p>A lipid consisting a hydrophilic head (made of alcohol) and a hydrophobic tail (made of fat).</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is phosphate?

<p>Alcohol.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are lipids?

<p>Fats and oils.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a semi-permeable phospholipid bi-layer?

<p>A membrane that controls what goes in and out of the cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the cell membrane formed the way it is?

<p>The hydrophobic tails face the inside of the membrane, and the hydrophilic head faces the outside of the membrane.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the cell membrane important?

<p>It controls what goes in and out of the cells and it protects the cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the fluid mosaic model?

<p>Model that describes the arrangement and movement of the molecules that make up a cell membrane.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the disruption of the cell membrane in viruses?

<p>If a virus breaks through the cell membrane, it can take control over the cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is passive transport?

<p>The movement of materials through a cell membrane without using energy (diffusion &amp; osmosis).</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is diffusion?

<p>Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration until they reach an equilibrium.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is concentration?

<p>Refers to how crowded particles are.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a molecule?

<p>Make up food, water, and other substances. Always moving, like dancers on a crowded dance floor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of isotonic?

<p>When the concentration of two solutions is the same.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Give an example of an isotonic situation.

<p>In the diffusion lab, the solute concentration outside the tubing was equal to that inside when you first put it in the beaker.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does hypertonic mean?

<p>One solute has a higher concentration than the other. Example: in the diffusion lab, it would be hypertonic if the solute concentration outside of the tubing was higher than inside.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is osmosis?

<p>When water DIFFUSES through a CELL MEMBRANE.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is equilibrium?

<p>When particles move from high concentration to low concentration to an equilibrium; a state in which the particles are balanced.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a hypothesis outline?

<p>I think _________ beacuse _________________________ when _______.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the types of data?

<p>Qualitative; describing what happened (words), and quantitative; the numbers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a conclusion?

<p>A summary based on data (both types), what you observed, and what you learned.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the hydrophilic head?

<p>Water loving, made of phosphate (alcohol).</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens with the disruption of the cell membrane in viruses?

<p>If a virus breaks through the cell membrane, it can take control over the cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does bi-layer mean in the context of cell membranes?

<p>Two layers of phospholipids that make up the cell membrane.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are hydrophobic tails made of?

<p>Lipid (fat).</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are hydrophilic heads made of?

<p>Phosphate (alcohol).</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when the cell membrane is disrupted by viruses?

<p>If a virus breaks through the cell membrane, it can take control over the cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does concentration refer to?

<p>Refers to how crowded particles are.</p> Signup and view all the answers

I think _____ beacuse _________________________ when _______.

Signup and view all the answers

What is an analysis?

<p>What happened in the experiment/the conclusion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Cell membrane function

Protects the cell, controls molecule entry/exit (semi-permeable), and facilitates internal transport.

Semi-permeable membrane

A membrane that allows some molecules to pass through but not others.

Bi-layer

Two layers of phospholipids forming the cell membrane.

Hydrophobic tails

Water-repelling part of the phospholipid, composed of lipids (fats).

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Hydrophilic head

Water-attracting part of the phospholipid, composed of phosphate (alcohol).

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Surface tension

A measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid.

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Surface area

The measurement of the outer surface of an object.

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Phospholipids

A lipid with a hydrophilic head (alcohol) and hydrophobic tail (fat).

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Phosphate

An alcohol group.

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Lipids

Fats and oils.

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Semi-permeable phospholipid bi-layer

A membrane that controls what enters and exits the cell.

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Why is the cell membrane formed the way it is?

Hydrophobic tails face inward, hydrophilic heads face outward, interacting with water.

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Why is the cell membrane important?

It controls what goes in and out of the cells and it protects the cell.

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Fluid mosaic model

Describes the arrangement and movement of molecules in the cell membrane.

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The disruption of the cell membrane in viruses

If a virus breaks through the cell membrane, it can take control over the cell.

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Passive transport

Movement across the membrane without energy (diffusion & osmosis).

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Diffusion

Movement from high to low concentration until equilibrium.

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Concentration

Refers to how crowded particles are.

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Molecule

Make up food, water, and other substances. Always moving, like dancers on a crowded dance floor.

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Isotonic definition

When the concentration of two solutions is the same.

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Example of an isotonic situation.

In the diffusion lab, the solute concentration outside the tubing was equal to that inside when you first put it in the beaker.

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Hypertonic

One solute has a higher concentration than the other.

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Hypotonic

One solute has a LOWER concentration than the other.

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Osmosis

When water DIFFUSES through a CELL MEMBRANE.

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Equilibrium

When particles move from high concentration to low concentration to an equilibrium; a state in which the particles are balanced.

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Hypothesis outline

I think _________ beacuse _________________________ when _______.

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Types of data

Qualitative (describing what happened/words) and quantitative (the numbers).

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Procedure

The timeline/order in which you did your experiment.

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Analysis

What happened in the experiment/the conclusion.

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Conclusion

A summary based on data, what you observed, and what you learned.

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Study Notes

  • Cell membrane protects the cell and regulates molecular traffic in and out
  • Cell membrane transports items inside the cell
  • Cell membrane is semi-permeable

Semi-Permeable Membrane

  • Allows some molecules to pass through but not others
  • Cell membrane has two layers of phospholipids

Bi-Layer

  • Two layers of phospholipids make up the cell membrane

Hydrophobic Tail

  • Water-hating, composed of lipids (fat)

Hydrophilic Head

  • Water-loving, composed of phosphate (alcohol)

Surface Tension

  • Measures how difficult it is to stretch or break a liquid's surface

Surface Area

  • Measurement of an object's outer surface

Phospholipids

  • Lipids consist of a hydrophilic head (alcohol) and a hydrophobic tail (fat)

Phosphate

  • An alcohol

Lipids

  • Fats and oils

Semi-Permeable Phospholipid Bi-Layer

  • Membrane controls what enters and exits the cell

Cell Membrane Formation

  • Hydrophobic tails face inside the membrane
  • Hydrophilic heads face outside the cell membrane

Importance of Cell Membrane

  • Controls what enters and exits cells.
  • Protects the cell.

Fluid Mosaic Model

  • Describes the arrangement and movement of molecules in a cell membrane

Viral Disruption of Cell Membrane

  • A virus can take control of the cell, if it breaks through the cell membrane

Passive Transport

  • Movement of materials across the cell membrane without energy
  • Includes diffusion and osmosis

Diffusion

  • Molecules move from high to low concentration areas until equilibrium is reached

Concentration

  • Refers to particle density

Molecule

  • Constitutes food, water, and other substances, constantly moving

Isotonic

  • Two solutions have the same concentration

Isotonic Example

  • In a diffusion lab, solute concentration outside tubing equals that inside at the start

Hypertonic

  • One solute has a higher concentration than another
  • In a diffusion lab, solute concentration outside the tubing is higher than inside

Hypotonic

  • One solute has a lower concentration than another
  • Diffusion lab example: solute concentration outside the tubing is lower than inside

Osmosis

  • Water diffuses through a cell membrane

Equilibrium

  • Particles move from high to low concentration to achieve a balanced state

Hypothesis Outline

  • The framework is "I think _____ because _______ when _______."

Types of Data

  • Qualitative data describes observations with words
  • Quantitative data uses numbers

Procedure

  • The timeline and order of experiment execution

Analysis

  • Refers to the outcome or conclusion of the experiment

Conclusion

  • Summary of findings based on data, observations, and learnings

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