Cell Physiology

Which of the following accurately describes the intracellular fluid (ICF)?

Which ions have the highest concentration inside cells?

What is the term for water of oxidation produced as a by product of cellular metabolism

What is the term for the charged particles in body fluids?

Where is the highest concentration of sodium, chloride, and bicarbonate ions in the body?

What is the term for the water inside lymphatic and blood vessels?

What is necessary for cellular function and is maintained by taking in the same amount of water that is lost by eating moist foods and drinking?

Which of the following statements about electrolytes is correct?

What determines the acidity or alkalinity of a fluid?

Which of the following is true about acids and bases?

How is the concentration of hydrogen ions in fluids measured?

The pH scale ranges from

Which of the following is true about acids?

Which of the following is true about bases?

Which of the following is true about the resting membrane potential?

Which ion is more concentrated inside the cell?

What is the main reason for the outside of the cell being slightly more positive than the inside?

What is the ratio of Na+ pumped out to K+ retrieved during active transport?

Which phase of the cell cycle is characterized by intense metabolic activity and cellular growth?

Flow of fluid and nutrients in and out of cells is regulated by the

More than one ion together is called

Diffusion depends on

What is the main function of cell division once adult size is reached?

Which statement accurately describes the pH scale?

Why can ill or debilitated animals have impaired organ function?

Which additives are used in IV fluids to adjust ionic imbalances and maintain homeostasis?

How do cells maintain homeostasis?

Kinetic movement of molecules from higher to lower concentration (concentration gradient)

Which statement accurately describes facilitated diffusion?

What is osmosis?

Which of the following accurately describes the extracellular fluid (ECF)?

What is the term for the water inside the cell?

ECF has same concentration of dissolved substances as ICF fluids, water moves freely in and out of the cell. Cell does not change in size

Force of moving water across a membrane

ECF less concentrated than ICF, cell swells

ECF is more concentrated than cytoplasm, cell shrinks

Leakage of fluid out of vessels and into the interstitium or into body cavities is caused by

Force pushing a liquid (blood pressure)

Exocytosis of waste products

Exocytosis of manufactured molecules

Engulfs solid material... forms ______

Engulfs liquid... forms ______

Involves temporary or permanent inhibition of genes that may be active in another cell

Normal cells stop dividing when they come into contact with other cells

For every 1 ATP molecule ______ ions are pumped into the cell and ____ are pumped out

Via diffusion the ______ of _____ is _____ than the ______ of ________

Small insensible water losses occur

Moderate to severe dehydration requires fluid therapy to prevent cellular dysfunction that can lead to organ failure and death

Moderate to severe dehydration does not require fluid therapy

Acidic

Alkaline

Passive movement of water from a dilute to a more concentrated environment

Occurs to achieve the same concentration of solution on both sides of the membrane

Does not rely on concentration gradients to drive the activity of the molecules

Based on a pressure gradient- if the pressure is greater on one side of a membrane than the other side, liquids may be pushed through

Filtration is based on a pressure gradient- if the pressure is ____ on one side of the membrane than the other side, __________

Causes decrease in oncotic pressure

All cells participate in the active transport of electrolytes ____________ and specialized cells can transport ____________

Very selective, occurs in cells w/ specific protein receptor sites in their cell membranes for binding of ligands like hormones, iron and cholesterol

Enables large particles, liquids and entire cells to be taken into the cell by engulfing

Substances to be packaged out of the cells are packaged in vesicles in the ER and Golgi body and moved through the cytoplasm (vesicles fuse w/ the plasma membrane and release contents from the intracellular environment into the ECF)

Substances to be packaged out of the cells are packaged in vesicles in the _________ and moved through the _______ (vesicles fuse w/ the plasma membrane and release contents from the intracellular environment into the ECF)

_________ may be released from cells when numbers reach a certain point

_________ develop when cells lose normal control over cell division

The ability of the animal to grow and repair tissue is based on the division of ___________

The inside of the cell is ___________ than the outside

Cytoplasmic proteins, which are too large to leave the cell tend to be _______

The difference in permeability of the plasma cell membrane leads to changes in the distribution of the charged particles on either side of the membrane forming a ________ which =potential electrical energy created by the _____________

(Sodium potassium pump) During transport, the ion binds to a ________ in the cell membrane which ______________

(Sodium potassium pump) The orientation of the __________ is altered, the ion becomes ________ and the carrier can now move the ion through the _____

(Sodium potassium pump) ATP is provided by __________ and the enzyme ATPase

__________ is required to transport molecules and substances across the cell membrane

Energy is required to transport molecules that are

Dissolved gases, alcohols, and steroids can _________ through the cell's lipid bilayer

Specialized proteins called _______ selectively let certain ions pass

Movement of some larger and/or nonsoluble molecules with the assistance of a protein carrier located in the plasma membrane lipid bilayer