Cell Membrane Functions

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What happens to SGLT when both Na+ and glucose are bound?

SGLT stays in its original shape
SGLT changes shape, opening to the cell interior (correct)
SGLT releases Na+ to the luminal side
SGLT releases glucose to the luminal side

Why does SGLT release glucose to the cell interior?

Due to the high affinity of SGLT for glucose
Because the affinity of SGLT for glucose decreases on release of Na+ (correct)
Because of the high concentration of glucose in the blood
Because of the low concentration of glucose in the cell interior

What type of transport is mediated by GLUT?

Osmosis
Passive transport (correct)
Facilitated diffusion
Active transport

What is the energy source for the Na-glucose transport?

Indirectly through primary active transport (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the co-transport carriers in intestinal and kidney cells?

To move glucose and amino acids against their concentration gradients (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the extracellular matrix (ECM)?

To regulate the behavior and functions of cells (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cell junction is responsible for strong adhesion between cells and is found in tissues that require high tensile strength?

Desmosomes (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which protein provides tensile strength to the ECM?

Collagen (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of tight junctions?

To prevent the passage of materials between cells (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of gap junctions?

To facilitate communication between cells (C) Signup and view all the answers

What determines the permeability of the plasma membrane?

Lipid solubility and particle size (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the cell membrane?

To facilitate the exchange of nutrients and waste with the environment (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the arrangement of lipids and proteins in the cell membrane?

Fluid mosaic model (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of carbohydrates in the cell membrane?

To act as self-identity markers for the cell (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for proteins that are embedded within the cell membrane?

Intrinsic proteins (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of aquaporins in the cell membrane?

To facilitate the transport of water across the membrane (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the layer of carbohydrates and proteins on the outer surface of the cell membrane?

Glycocalyx (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) in the cell membrane?

To help cells adhere to one another (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the arrangement of three layers in the cell membrane?

Trilaminar structure (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of cholesterol in the cell membrane?

To help maintain the fluidity of the membrane (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of membrane receptors in the cell membrane?

To act as receptors for specific molecules (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the concurrent effect of Na+ and K+ movement on the resting membrane potential?

A resting membrane potential of -70mV (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a decrease in potential, making the membrane less negative?

Depolarization (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following transport mechanisms occur from high concentration to lower concentration?

Simple diffusion (B) Signup and view all the answers

What type of transport requires energy directly?

Primary active transport (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the movement of two substances across the plasma membrane in opposite directions?

Antiport (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the force that drives the movement of water across membranes?

Osmotic pressure (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of facilitated diffusion in the transport of glucose across the cell membrane?

To move glucose down its concentration gradient (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Na+/K+/Cl- symport in the transport of glucose?

To maintain the concentration gradient of sodium ions (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of vesicular transport in the kidney?

To transport substances across the cell membrane (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of phagocytosis?

To remove foreign particles and debris from the cell (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of exocytosis?

To secrete neurotransmitters and hormones (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of gap junctions in cell-cell communication?

To allow for the exchange of ions and small molecules between cells (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between paracrine and autocrine signaling?

Paracrine signaling involves local mediators, while autocrine involves hormones (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of lipid-soluble chemical messengers in signal transduction?

To affect gene transcription and protein activity (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of ionic movement in physiological responses?

To lead to physiological responses such as muscle contraction (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of leak channels in the regulation of the resting membrane potential?

To permit the leakage of potassium ions out of the cell (C) Signup and view all the answers