37 Questions
What happens to SGLT when both Na+ and glucose are bound?
SGLT changes shape, opening to the cell interior
Why does SGLT release glucose to the cell interior?
Because the affinity of SGLT for glucose decreases on release of Na+
What type of transport is mediated by GLUT?
Passive transport
What is the energy source for the Na-glucose transport?
Indirectly through primary active transport
What is the function of the co-transport carriers in intestinal and kidney cells?
To move glucose and amino acids against their concentration gradients
What is the primary function of the extracellular matrix (ECM)?
To regulate the behavior and functions of cells
Which type of cell junction is responsible for strong adhesion between cells and is found in tissues that require high tensile strength?
Desmosomes
Which protein provides tensile strength to the ECM?
Collagen
What is the primary purpose of tight junctions?
To prevent the passage of materials between cells
What is the function of gap junctions?
To facilitate communication between cells
What determines the permeability of the plasma membrane?
Lipid solubility and particle size
What is the primary function of the cell membrane?
To facilitate the exchange of nutrients and waste with the environment
What is the term for the arrangement of lipids and proteins in the cell membrane?
Fluid mosaic model
What is the function of carbohydrates in the cell membrane?
To act as self-identity markers for the cell
What is the term for proteins that are embedded within the cell membrane?
Intrinsic proteins
What is the primary function of aquaporins in the cell membrane?
To facilitate the transport of water across the membrane
What is the term for the layer of carbohydrates and proteins on the outer surface of the cell membrane?
Glycocalyx
What is the primary function of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) in the cell membrane?
To help cells adhere to one another
What is the term for the arrangement of three layers in the cell membrane?
Trilaminar structure
What is the function of cholesterol in the cell membrane?
To help maintain the fluidity of the membrane
What is the primary function of membrane receptors in the cell membrane?
To act as receptors for specific molecules
What is the result of the concurrent effect of Na+ and K+ movement on the resting membrane potential?
A resting membrane potential of -70mV
What is the term for a decrease in potential, making the membrane less negative?
Depolarization
Which of the following transport mechanisms occur from high concentration to lower concentration?
Simple diffusion
What type of transport requires energy directly?
Primary active transport
What is the term for the movement of two substances across the plasma membrane in opposite directions?
Antiport
What is the force that drives the movement of water across membranes?
Osmotic pressure
What is the primary function of facilitated diffusion in the transport of glucose across the cell membrane?
To move glucose down its concentration gradient
What is the role of Na+/K+/Cl- symport in the transport of glucose?
To maintain the concentration gradient of sodium ions
What is the function of vesicular transport in the kidney?
To transport substances across the cell membrane
What is the main function of phagocytosis?
To remove foreign particles and debris from the cell
What is the purpose of exocytosis?
To secrete neurotransmitters and hormones
What is the function of gap junctions in cell-cell communication?
To allow for the exchange of ions and small molecules between cells
What is the difference between paracrine and autocrine signaling?
Paracrine signaling involves local mediators, while autocrine involves hormones
What is the role of lipid-soluble chemical messengers in signal transduction?
To affect gene transcription and protein activity
What is the function of ionic movement in physiological responses?
To lead to physiological responses such as muscle contraction
What is the function of leak channels in the regulation of the resting membrane potential?
To permit the leakage of potassium ions out of the cell
Learn about the crucial functions of the cell membrane, including its role in maintaining homeostasis, exchanging nutrients and wastes, and responding to environmental signals. Understand how it acts as a physical barrier and coordinates with other cells to form tissues.
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