Cell Membrane Functions
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Questions and Answers

What happens to SGLT when both Na+ and glucose are bound?

  • SGLT stays in its original shape
  • SGLT changes shape, opening to the cell interior (correct)
  • SGLT releases Na+ to the luminal side
  • SGLT releases glucose to the luminal side
  • Why does SGLT release glucose to the cell interior?

  • Due to the high affinity of SGLT for glucose
  • Because the affinity of SGLT for glucose decreases on release of Na+ (correct)
  • Because of the high concentration of glucose in the blood
  • Because of the low concentration of glucose in the cell interior
  • What type of transport is mediated by GLUT?

  • Osmosis
  • Passive transport (correct)
  • Facilitated diffusion
  • Active transport
  • What is the energy source for the Na-glucose transport?

    <p>Indirectly through primary active transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the co-transport carriers in intestinal and kidney cells?

    <p>To move glucose and amino acids against their concentration gradients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the extracellular matrix (ECM)?

    <p>To regulate the behavior and functions of cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cell junction is responsible for strong adhesion between cells and is found in tissues that require high tensile strength?

    <p>Desmosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protein provides tensile strength to the ECM?

    <p>Collagen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of tight junctions?

    <p>To prevent the passage of materials between cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of gap junctions?

    <p>To facilitate communication between cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the permeability of the plasma membrane?

    <p>Lipid solubility and particle size</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the cell membrane?

    <p>To facilitate the exchange of nutrients and waste with the environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the arrangement of lipids and proteins in the cell membrane?

    <p>Fluid mosaic model</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of carbohydrates in the cell membrane?

    <p>To act as self-identity markers for the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for proteins that are embedded within the cell membrane?

    <p>Intrinsic proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of aquaporins in the cell membrane?

    <p>To facilitate the transport of water across the membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the layer of carbohydrates and proteins on the outer surface of the cell membrane?

    <p>Glycocalyx</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) in the cell membrane?

    <p>To help cells adhere to one another</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the arrangement of three layers in the cell membrane?

    <p>Trilaminar structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of cholesterol in the cell membrane?

    <p>To help maintain the fluidity of the membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of membrane receptors in the cell membrane?

    <p>To act as receptors for specific molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the concurrent effect of Na+ and K+ movement on the resting membrane potential?

    <p>A resting membrane potential of -70mV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a decrease in potential, making the membrane less negative?

    <p>Depolarization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following transport mechanisms occur from high concentration to lower concentration?

    <p>Simple diffusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of transport requires energy directly?

    <p>Primary active transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the movement of two substances across the plasma membrane in opposite directions?

    <p>Antiport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the force that drives the movement of water across membranes?

    <p>Osmotic pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of facilitated diffusion in the transport of glucose across the cell membrane?

    <p>To move glucose down its concentration gradient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Na+/K+/Cl- symport in the transport of glucose?

    <p>To maintain the concentration gradient of sodium ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of vesicular transport in the kidney?

    <p>To transport substances across the cell membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of phagocytosis?

    <p>To remove foreign particles and debris from the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of exocytosis?

    <p>To secrete neurotransmitters and hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of gap junctions in cell-cell communication?

    <p>To allow for the exchange of ions and small molecules between cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between paracrine and autocrine signaling?

    <p>Paracrine signaling involves local mediators, while autocrine involves hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of lipid-soluble chemical messengers in signal transduction?

    <p>To affect gene transcription and protein activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of ionic movement in physiological responses?

    <p>To lead to physiological responses such as muscle contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of leak channels in the regulation of the resting membrane potential?

    <p>To permit the leakage of potassium ions out of the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

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