Cell Membrane Drug Transfer and Administration Routes Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What are the two main processes of transfer of drugs across cell barriers?

Osmosis and pinocytosis

Passive diffusion and active transport (correct)

Facilitated diffusion and endocytosis

Bulk flow and filtration

What are the main features of lipid diffusion of drugs across membranes?

Independent of drug charge and polarity

Independent of drug size and lipid solubility

Dependent on drug charge and polarity

Dependent on drug size and lipid solubility (correct)

What are the main features of aqueous diffusion of drugs across membranes?

Independent of drug charge and polarity

Independent of drug size and lipid solubility

Dependent on drug charge and polarity (correct)

Dependent on drug size and lipid solubility

Which of the following is true about drug administration?

It involves different routes of drug administration Signup and view all the answers

What does bioavailability (F) provide a quantitative measure of?

Drug absorption into the systemic circulation Signup and view all the answers

Which factor does not affect drug absorption?

Drug concentration in the blood Signup and view all the answers

How is bioavailability (F) calculated?

$F = \frac{AUC;oral \times Dose;IV}{AUC;IV \times Dose;oral}$ Signup and view all the answers

What does a bioavailability of 100% indicate?

Complete drug absorption into the systemic circulation Signup and view all the answers

In the equation for calculating bioavailability, what does AUC represent?

Area Under the Curve Signup and view all the answers

What does a lower oral bioavailability percentage indicate?

Less drug reaches the systemic circulation Signup and view all the answers

If the AUC for a drug given orally is 200 (mg/L) x h and the AUC for the same drug given intravenously is 300 (mg/L) x h, what is the bioavailability?

0.67 Signup and view all the answers

If a dose of a drug given orally yields an AUC of (50 mcg/ml)x min while the same dose given IV yields an AUC of 100 (mcg/ml) x min, what is the oral bioavailability?

0.5 Signup and view all the answers

Which process facilitates drug movement across membranes through intercellular pores?

Bulk flow transport Signup and view all the answers

What theory explains drug concentration in specific compartments depending on pH?

Ion trapping theory Signup and view all the answers

Which drug illustrates the ion trapping mechanism with a pKa of 3?

Salicylate Signup and view all the answers

In which step of ion trapping does passive reabsorption of lipid-soluble, unionized drug molecules occur?

Step 3 Signup and view all the answers

Which drug administration route involves absorption through the lungs?

Pulmonary Signup and view all the answers

What factor affecting drug absorption via the oral route is discussed in the text?

Gastric emptying Signup and view all the answers

Which drug administration route involves absorption through the skin?

Transdermal Signup and view all the answers

Which process involves the movement of drug molecules from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration?

Active transport Signup and view all the answers

Which drug administration route involves absorption through the mucous membranes under the tongue?

Sublingual Signup and view all the answers

Which drug administration route involves absorption through the rectum?

Rectal Signup and view all the answers

Which type of drug transport is based solely on molecular size and is passive and non-selective?

Bulk flow transport Signup and view all the answers

Which theory explains drug concentration in specific compartments depending on the difference between pH and pKa?

Ion trapping theory Signup and view all the answers

Which route of drug administration involves placing the drug under the tongue?

Sublingual route Signup and view all the answers

What is the most important site for passive drug absorption due to its high surface area and high blood flow?

Duodenum Signup and view all the answers

Which factor may affect the process of absorption of drugs administered orally?

Presence of food in the gastrointestinal tract Signup and view all the answers

What does a delay in gastric emptying do to the rate and extent of drug absorption?

Slows the rate and possibly the extent of drug absorption Signup and view all the answers

Which route of drug administration involves placing the drug between the cheek and gum?

Buccal route Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary method of absorption for drugs administered through the sublingual route?

Lipid diffusion Signup and view all the answers

Which route of administration involves drug delivery to the intestine and is affected by gastric emptying?

Oral route Signup and view all the answers

What can delay in gastric emptying potentially do to the pH of the stomach and drug permeation behavior?

Alter the pH of the stomach and affect drug permeation behavior Signup and view all the answers

What does enteral administration of a drug involve?

Absorption of the drug via the gastrointestinal (GI) tract Signup and view all the answers

Which route of administration bypasses the harsh gastrointestinal (GI) environment and avoids the first-pass effect?

Buccal route Signup and view all the answers

What is the main site for drug absorption in the body?

Small intestine Signup and view all the answers

What is a disadvantage of oral drug administration?

The necessity of patient compliance Signup and view all the answers

Which type of transport is mediated by a protein carrier, does not require energy, and is structurally selective for the drug?

Facilitated diffusion Signup and view all the answers

What type of transport moves drugs against a concentration gradient and is driven by ATP hydrolysis?

Active transport Signup and view all the answers

What type of transport involves cell membrane engulfing of drugs and transportation into the cell by vesicle formation?

Endocytosis Signup and view all the answers

Which process is used to secrete substances out of the cell through vesicle formation?

Exocytosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the molecular weight range of drugs that can cross membranes by lipid diffusion?

100-1500 D Signup and view all the answers

Which type of transport is dependent on channel number, concentration gradient, water solubility, and molecular size of the drug?

Aqueous diffusion Signup and view all the answers

What type of transport process is driven by ATP hydrolysis and can be primary or secondary?

Active transport Signup and view all the answers

Which type of transport involves the movement of fluids and solutes across cell barriers?

Bulk flow transport Signup and view all the answers

What type of transport involves the movement of drugs through gaps between cells?

Paracellular movement Signup and view all the answers

Which type of transport is mediated by influx transporters increasing drug absorption and efflux transporters decreasing it?

Active transport Signup and view all the answers

What type of transport is used for substances too large to pass through the plasma cell membrane or transport proteins?

Endocytosis Signup and view all the answers

Which type of transport involves the movement of drugs across cells?

Transcellular movement Signup and view all the answers

Which drug administration route is primarily suitable for lipophilic drugs and bypasses first-pass effect?

Transdermal administration Signup and view all the answers

Which drug administration route may cause pain if the drug is irritating and is unsuitable for large volumes?

Subcutaneous administration Signup and view all the answers

Which route of administration achieves systemic effects with immediate drug availability in systemic circulation, suitable for emergency situations?

Intravenous administration Signup and view all the answers

Which drug administration route achieves local effect with locally high drug concentration and delayed systemic absorption?

Pulmonary administration as gases Signup and view all the answers

Which route of administration is suitable for drugs with slow-release properties?

Subcutaneous administration Signup and view all the answers

Which drug administration route achieves rapid, direct systemic absorption, bypassing first-pass effect and stomach acid destruction?

Rectal administration Signup and view all the answers

Which drug administration route is primarily suitable for local effects on the skin, but absorption can be variable and unsuitable for certain drugs?

Topical application Signup and view all the answers

Which route of administration achieves systemic effects primarily by lipid diffusion through the alveolar membrane, but may cause allergic reactions in some patients?

Pulmonary administration as aerosols Signup and view all the answers

Which drug administration route is used to localize drug effects at specific sites?

Intrathecal Signup and view all the answers

Which route of administration is primarily used for moderate volumes and may affect certain lab tests?

Intramuscular administration Signup and view all the answers

Which drug administration route is primarily used for systemic or local effects, primarily by lipid diffusion, but may irritate the rectal mucosa?

Rectal administration Signup and view all the answers

Which route of administration is suitable for achieving local effects on the skin but may have variable absorption and be unsuitable for certain drugs?

Transdermal administration Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Drug Transfer Across Cell Membranes

Lipid solubility of drugs allows them to cross the phospholipid bilayer of cell membranes.
Drugs with a molecular weight between 100 and 1500 D can cross membranes by lipid diffusion.
Aqueous diffusion of drugs occurs through aquaporin protein channels, dependent on channel number, concentration gradient, water solubility, and molecular size of the drug.
Facilitated diffusion is mediated by a protein carrier, does not require energy, and is structurally selective for the drug.
Active transport, an energy-dependent process driven by ATP hydrolysis, moves drugs against a concentration gradient and is saturable.
Active transport can be primary (directly ATP-driven) or secondary (derived from ionic concentration differences).
Carrier-mediated processes include active transport and facilitated diffusion, with influx transporters increasing drug absorption and efflux transporters decreasing it.
Endocytosis involves cell membrane engulfing of drugs, which are transported into the cell by vesicle formation and may be receptor-mediated.
Exocytosis is used to secrete substances out of the cell through vesicle formation, exemplified by insulin transport from pancreatic cells.
Some drugs are too large to pass through the plasma cell membrane or transport proteins and enter cells by endocytosis, such as hormones, growth factors, and antibodies.
Bulk flow transport of drugs across cell barriers occurs through the movement of fluids and solutes, contributing to drug transfer.
The movement of drugs across cell membranes can occur through transcellular movement (across cells) or paracellular movement (through gaps between cells), impacting drug absorption and distribution.

Routes of Drug Administration and Absorption

Nitroglycerin has rapid, direct systemic absorption, bypassing first-pass effect and stomach acid destruction
Rectal administration may be used for systemic or local effects, primarily by lipid diffusion, but drugs may irritate rectal mucosa
Topical application is suitable for local effects on the skin, but absorption can be variable and unsuitable for certain drugs
Transdermal administration, primarily by lipid diffusion, bypasses first-pass effect, ideal for lipophilic drugs, but some patients may be allergic to patches
Pulmonary administration as gases achieves systemic effects, primarily by lipid diffusion through the alveolar membrane, but requires sophisticated equipment
Pulmonary administration as aerosols achieves local effect, primarily by lipid diffusion through the alveolar membrane, with locally high drug concentration and delayed systemic absorption
Intravenous administration achieves systemic effects, with immediate drug availability in systemic circulation, suitable for emergency situations, but strict aseptic techniques are needed
Intramuscular administration, depending on drug diluents, is suitable for moderate volumes, but may affect certain lab tests and be painful
Subcutaneous administration, depending on drug diluents, is suitable for slow-release drugs, but may cause pain if drug is irritating and is unsuitable for large volumes
Special parenteral routes, such as intrathecal, intraarterial, intracardiac, intrapleural, and intraperitoneal, are used to localize drug effects at specific sites
Learning objectives include drug absorption, factors affecting it, bioavailability, routes of administration, speed and magnitude of drug effect, and AUC calculation
Drug absorption into the systemic circulation is necessary for drugs to exert their effects, except for IV or cutaneous administration

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Test your knowledge of drug transfer across cell membranes and routes of drug administration and absorption with this quiz. Explore the mechanisms of drug movement across cell membranes and understand the different routes of drug administration, absorption factors, and bioavailability.

Cell Membrane Drug Transfer and Administration Routes Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What are the two main processes of transfer of drugs across cell barriers?

What are the main features of lipid diffusion of drugs across membranes?

What are the main features of aqueous diffusion of drugs across membranes?

Which of the following is true about drug administration?

What does bioavailability (F) provide a quantitative measure of?

Which factor does not affect drug absorption?

How is bioavailability (F) calculated?

What does a bioavailability of 100% indicate?

In the equation for calculating bioavailability, what does AUC represent?

What does a lower oral bioavailability percentage indicate?

If the AUC for a drug given orally is 200 (mg/L) x h and the AUC for the same drug given intravenously is 300 (mg/L) x h, what is the bioavailability?

If a dose of a drug given orally yields an AUC of (50 mcg/ml)x min while the same dose given IV yields an AUC of 100 (mcg/ml) x min, what is the oral bioavailability?

Which process facilitates drug movement across membranes through intercellular pores?

What theory explains drug concentration in specific compartments depending on pH?

Which drug illustrates the ion trapping mechanism with a pKa of 3?

In which step of ion trapping does passive reabsorption of lipid-soluble, unionized drug molecules occur?

Which drug administration route involves absorption through the lungs?

What factor affecting drug absorption via the oral route is discussed in the text?

Which drug administration route involves absorption through the skin?

Which process involves the movement of drug molecules from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration?

Which drug administration route involves absorption through the mucous membranes under the tongue?

Which drug administration route involves absorption through the rectum?

Which type of drug transport is based solely on molecular size and is passive and non-selective?

Which theory explains drug concentration in specific compartments depending on the difference between pH and pKa?

Which route of drug administration involves placing the drug under the tongue?

What is the most important site for passive drug absorption due to its high surface area and high blood flow?

Which factor may affect the process of absorption of drugs administered orally?

What does a delay in gastric emptying do to the rate and extent of drug absorption?

Which route of drug administration involves placing the drug between the cheek and gum?

What is the primary method of absorption for drugs administered through the sublingual route?

Which route of administration involves drug delivery to the intestine and is affected by gastric emptying?

What can delay in gastric emptying potentially do to the pH of the stomach and drug permeation behavior?

What does enteral administration of a drug involve?

Which route of administration bypasses the harsh gastrointestinal (GI) environment and avoids the first-pass effect?

What is the main site for drug absorption in the body?

What is a disadvantage of oral drug administration?

Which type of transport is mediated by a protein carrier, does not require energy, and is structurally selective for the drug?

What type of transport moves drugs against a concentration gradient and is driven by ATP hydrolysis?

What type of transport involves cell membrane engulfing of drugs and transportation into the cell by vesicle formation?

Which process is used to secrete substances out of the cell through vesicle formation?

What is the molecular weight range of drugs that can cross membranes by lipid diffusion?

Which type of transport is dependent on channel number, concentration gradient, water solubility, and molecular size of the drug?

What type of transport process is driven by ATP hydrolysis and can be primary or secondary?

Which type of transport involves the movement of fluids and solutes across cell barriers?

What type of transport involves the movement of drugs through gaps between cells?

Which type of transport is mediated by influx transporters increasing drug absorption and efflux transporters decreasing it?

What type of transport is used for substances too large to pass through the plasma cell membrane or transport proteins?

Which type of transport involves the movement of drugs across cells?

Which drug administration route is primarily suitable for lipophilic drugs and bypasses first-pass effect?

Which drug administration route may cause pain if the drug is irritating and is unsuitable for large volumes?

Which route of administration achieves systemic effects with immediate drug availability in systemic circulation, suitable for emergency situations?

Which drug administration route achieves local effect with locally high drug concentration and delayed systemic absorption?

Which route of administration is suitable for drugs with slow-release properties?

Which drug administration route achieves rapid, direct systemic absorption, bypassing first-pass effect and stomach acid destruction?

Which drug administration route is primarily suitable for local effects on the skin, but absorption can be variable and unsuitable for certain drugs?

Which route of administration achieves systemic effects primarily by lipid diffusion through the alveolar membrane, but may cause allergic reactions in some patients?

Which drug administration route is used to localize drug effects at specific sites?

Which route of administration is primarily used for moderate volumes and may affect certain lab tests?

Which drug administration route is primarily used for systemic or local effects, primarily by lipid diffusion, but may irritate the rectal mucosa?

Which route of administration is suitable for achieving local effects on the skin but may have variable absorption and be unsuitable for certain drugs?

Study Notes

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