40 Questions
Which hormone directly causes an increase in both blood pressure and glucose levels?
ADH
What is the main function of somatostatin released by D cells?
Inhibit digestive system functions
Which type of hormone is synthesized from cholesterol and does not involve a second messenger system?
Steroid hormone
What is the main function of exocrine glands?
Produce substances that travel through ducts onto body surfaces
Which carbohydrate linkage is found in cellulose?
Beta-1,4 linkage
What is the term for the addition of a lipid group to proteins, anchoring them to the membrane?
Liquidation
Which process involves the addition of a phosphate group to a protein?
Phosphorylation
What is the term for when a ubiquitin is attached to a protein for degradation by the proteasome?
Ubiquitination
In DNA methylation, what is added to a DNA molecule to repress transcription?
Methyl group
Which process involves covalently attaching carbohydrate groups to proteins?
Carb glycosylation
Which type of junction prevents the leakage of small molecules and ions between adjacent epithelial cells?
Tight junctions
Which reflex involves spreading of a baby's toes and lifting of its big toe when the sole is stimulated?
Babinski reflex
What is the enzyme responsible for relieving the overwinding of DNA strands ahead of the DNA replication fork?
Topoisomerase
Which cells are specialized immune cells found in the skin and mucous membranes?
Langerhans cells
Which type of cell junction attaches cells to the extracellular matrix?
Hemidesmosomes
What type of receptors respond to mechanical forces, vibrations, and pressure changes?
Mechanoreceptors
Which type of junctions allow for rapid exchange of ions and small molecules between cells?
Gap junctions
What do Cadherins mediate in terms of cell-cell interactions?
Cell adhesion
Which type of scans reveal information about metabolic activity in the body?
PET scans
What is the role of ADH in the body fluids like blood?
Regulating thirst and ADH secretion
What is the role of vitamin D in calcium regulation?
Induces the secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH)
How do carbohydrates link together to form complex structures?
Through glycosidic linkages between monosaccharides
In blood calcium regulation, what stimulates the release of calcitonin?
High levels of calcium in the blood
What is the function of insulin in carbohydrate metabolism?
Promotes the conversion of glucose to glycogen for storage
How does parathyroid hormone (PTH) affect blood calcium levels?
Enhances absorption of calcium from the intestines
Which of the following is NOT a role played by sulfolipids in the cell membrane?
Serving as a hormone receptor
What type of movement is the vertical diffusion described in the text related to?
Movement of molecules across the cell membrane from one leaflet to another
Which type of enzyme moves phospholipids in only a single direction and is ATP-dependent?
Flipase
Where are gustatory chemoreceptors primarily located?
In the taste buds of the tongue
Which type of receptor is responsible for detecting harmful stimuli like high temperatures and tissue damage?
Nociceptor
What is the main function of goblet cells in the respiratory tract?
Secretion of mucus
Which type of mutation involves flipping a chromosomal segment?
Inversion mutation
What is the main function of dendrites in neurons?
Receives action potentials from other neurons
Which type of mutation changes a purine nucleotide to another purine or a pyrimidine nucleotide to another pyrimidine?
Transition mutation
What is the role of Pneumocytes II in the lungs?
Produce surfactant in the lungs
What is the function of nodes of Ranvier in neuron physiology?
Allow action potentials to travel quickly through the axon
Which type of mutation results in insertion or deletion of bases that shift the reading frame?
Frameshift mutation
What is the purpose of myelin sheaths around axons?
Insulate axons for signal propagation
What happens during the release of neurotransmitter at a synapse?
Neurotransmitters diffuse into the synaptic cleft and bind to receptors on the postsynaptic membrane.
What is the characteristic feature of axons in neurons?
Having many side branches called axon collaterals.
Test your knowledge on cell membrane components such as sulfolipids, vertical and lateral diffusion, and the roles of flippases and floppases. Learn about the movements of molecules within the lipid bilayer and their importance in maintaining membrane integrity and generating immune responses.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
