Cell Membrane Components Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which hormone directly causes an increase in both blood pressure and glucose levels?

  • ADH (correct)
  • Ghrelin
  • Estradiol
  • Leptin

What is the main function of somatostatin released by D cells?

  • Stimulate the release of digestive enzymes
  • Increase the production of cortisol
  • Promote bone maturation
  • Inhibit digestive system functions (correct)

Which type of hormone is synthesized from cholesterol and does not involve a second messenger system?

  • Steroid hormone (correct)
  • Tropic hormone
  • Peptide hormone
  • Glycosidic hormone

What is the main function of exocrine glands?

<p>Produce substances that travel through ducts onto body surfaces (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which carbohydrate linkage is found in cellulose?

<p>Beta-1,4 linkage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the addition of a lipid group to proteins, anchoring them to the membrane?

<p>Liquidation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process involves the addition of a phosphate group to a protein?

<p>Phosphorylation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for when a ubiquitin is attached to a protein for degradation by the proteasome?

<p>Ubiquitination (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In DNA methylation, what is added to a DNA molecule to repress transcription?

<p>Methyl group (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process involves covalently attaching carbohydrate groups to proteins?

<p>Carb glycosylation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of junction prevents the leakage of small molecules and ions between adjacent epithelial cells?

<p>Tight junctions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which reflex involves spreading of a baby's toes and lifting of its big toe when the sole is stimulated?

<p>Babinski reflex (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the enzyme responsible for relieving the overwinding of DNA strands ahead of the DNA replication fork?

<p>Topoisomerase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cells are specialized immune cells found in the skin and mucous membranes?

<p>Langerhans cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cell junction attaches cells to the extracellular matrix?

<p>Hemidesmosomes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of receptors respond to mechanical forces, vibrations, and pressure changes?

<p>Mechanoreceptors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of junctions allow for rapid exchange of ions and small molecules between cells?

<p>Gap junctions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do Cadherins mediate in terms of cell-cell interactions?

<p>Cell adhesion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of scans reveal information about metabolic activity in the body?

<p>PET scans (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of ADH in the body fluids like blood?

<p>Regulating thirst and ADH secretion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of vitamin D in calcium regulation?

<p>Induces the secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do carbohydrates link together to form complex structures?

<p>Through glycosidic linkages between monosaccharides (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In blood calcium regulation, what stimulates the release of calcitonin?

<p>High levels of calcium in the blood (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of insulin in carbohydrate metabolism?

<p>Promotes the conversion of glucose to glycogen for storage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does parathyroid hormone (PTH) affect blood calcium levels?

<p>Enhances absorption of calcium from the intestines (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a role played by sulfolipids in the cell membrane?

<p>Serving as a hormone receptor (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of movement is the vertical diffusion described in the text related to?

<p>Movement of molecules across the cell membrane from one leaflet to another (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of enzyme moves phospholipids in only a single direction and is ATP-dependent?

<p>Flipase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are gustatory chemoreceptors primarily located?

<p>In the taste buds of the tongue (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of receptor is responsible for detecting harmful stimuli like high temperatures and tissue damage?

<p>Nociceptor (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of goblet cells in the respiratory tract?

<p>Secretion of mucus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of mutation involves flipping a chromosomal segment?

<p>Inversion mutation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of dendrites in neurons?

<p>Receives action potentials from other neurons (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of mutation changes a purine nucleotide to another purine or a pyrimidine nucleotide to another pyrimidine?

<p>Transition mutation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Pneumocytes II in the lungs?

<p>Produce surfactant in the lungs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of nodes of Ranvier in neuron physiology?

<p>Allow action potentials to travel quickly through the axon (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of mutation results in insertion or deletion of bases that shift the reading frame?

<p>Frameshift mutation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of myelin sheaths around axons?

<p>Insulate axons for signal propagation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens during the release of neurotransmitter at a synapse?

<p>Neurotransmitters diffuse into the synaptic cleft and bind to receptors on the postsynaptic membrane. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of axons in neurons?

<p>Having many side branches called axon collaterals. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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