Cell Membrane Components Quiz

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Which type of cell membrane proteins penetrate all the way through the membrane and are tightly integrated with the lipid bilayer?

Monotopic proteins
Integral proteins (correct)
Polytopic proteins
Peripheral proteins

What is the function of cholesterol in the cell membrane besides determining permeability?

Providing protection from harmful environmental factors
Controlling the fluidity of the membrane (correct)
Serving as adhesion sites for extracellular proteins
Enhancing signal transmission

What is the primary role of sphingolipids in cell membranes, especially in nerve cells?

Serving as adhesion sites for extracellular proteins
Determining membrane fluidity
Providing protection from harmful environmental factors (correct)
Enhancing signal transmission

What is the main effect of a high concentration of cholesterol in the cell membrane?

Decreased fluidity of the membrane (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cell membrane proteins are loosely attached to lipid or integral proteins and do not penetrate all the way through the membrane?

Peripheral proteins (D) Signup and view all the answers

Apart from cholesterol, which component helps determine the degree of permeability of the cell membrane to water-soluble constituents?

Sphingolipids (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the glycocalyx on the cell surface?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the five important organelles found in the cytoplasm?

Ribosomes (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is responsible for transporting glucose and urea in the proximal tubule of the kidney?

GLUT and UT carriers (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the clear fluid portion of the cytoplasm called, in which particles and organelles are dispersed?

Cytosol (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is responsible for transporting Na, K, and Cl in the ascending limb of the loop of Henle?

Na/K/Cl cotransporters (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of an antiporter found in the cell membrane?

Na-Ca exchanger (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Golgi apparatus?

To process and sort newly synthesized proteins (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of transport vesicles in the endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi apparatus system?

To transport substances from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus (D) Signup and view all the answers

What are the main components found within lysosomes?

Hydrolytic enzymes (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of lysosomes?

To digest damaged cellular structures, food particles, and unwanted matter (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following enzymes found in lysosomes is responsible for breaking down lipids?

Lipase (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of secretory vesicles formed by the Golgi apparatus?

To store and release secretory substances like enzymes (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the granular endoplasmic reticulum (rough ER)?

Synthesize new protein molecules (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which structure contains large amounts of proteins and many ribosomes attached to it?

Granular endoplasmic reticulum (rough ER) (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

Synthesis of lipid substances (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is closely related to the Golgi apparatus?

Endoplasmic Reticulum (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of the Golgi apparatus?

Stacked layers of thin, flat, enclosed sacs-vesicles (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle functions prominently in secretory cells?

Golgi apparatus (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the membrane surrounding the lysosome?

To protect the cell from the digestive enzymes (B) Signup and view all the answers

How are peroxisomes believed to be formed?

By self-replication or budding off from the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between lysosomes and peroxisomes?

Peroxisomes are involved in oxidation reactions while lysosomes are involved in hydrolysis reactions (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the inner membrane of the mitochondrion?

To contain the matrix and enzymes involved in oxidative phosphorylation (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the mitochondrial DNA?

To play a role in controlling the replication of the mitochondrion itself (C) Signup and view all the answers