Cell Injury
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a reversible response to cell injury?

  • Necrosis
  • Atrophy (correct)
  • Apoptosis
  • Hypertrophy

    • Which of the following is a physiological cause of hyperplasia?

  • Inadequate nutrition
  • Excessive hormonal/growth factor
  • Decreased workload (correct)
  • Loss of innervation

    • What is the main difference between necrosis and apoptosis?

  • Necrosis is a physiological response, while apoptosis is pathological
  • Necrosis is characterized by an increase in cell size, while apoptosis is characterized by a decrease in cell size
  • Necrosis is reversible, while apoptosis is irreversible
  • Necrosis involves cell death, while apoptosis is a form of cell adaptation (correct)

    • Which type of necrosis is characterized by the transformation of solid tissue into a liquid mass and complete digestion of dead cells?

    <p>Liquefactive necrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of necrosis is characterized by a distinctive cheesy, crumbly, white gross appearance and is commonly associated with tuberculous infection?

    <p>Caseous necrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of necrosis is characterized by the preservation of cell shape and organ structure, with disappearance of nuclei?

    <p>Coagulative necrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of necrosis is associated with necrotic damage to blood vessel walls and often occurs in the context of vasculitis?

    <p>Fibrinoid necrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of metaplasia?

    <p>Cigarette smoking causing respiratory epithelium to change to stratified squamous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a cause of cell injury?

    <p>Decrease in perfusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a consequence of irreversible cellular injury?

    <p>Marked mitochondrial changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of free radicals in membrane damage?

    <p>Free radicals are unstable molecules that activate enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of acute inflammation?

    <p>It is a protective response to eliminate the initial cause of cell injury.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two major events in acute inflammation?

    <p>Vasodilation and increased vascular permeability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the five classic signs of acute inflammation?

    <p>Heat, redness, swelling, pain, and loss of function.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of exudate?

    <p>It is a thicker fluid, rich in proteins and immune cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of neutrophils' tertiary granules?

    <p>To produce matrix metalloproteinases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of reactive oxygen species in neutrophils?

    <p>To eliminate bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a function of vasoactive amines?

    <p>To promote arteriolar dilation and venular endothelial contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a phase of the cell cycle?

    <p>G0</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cell division gives rise to sperm and egg cells?

    <p>Meiosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chromosome number in diploid human cells?

    <p>46</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following inheritance patterns is characterized by the interaction of several genes?

    <p>Polygenic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a type of inheritance that is not Mendelian?

    <p>Polygenic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are multi-gene (polygenic) defects different from Mendelian inheritance patterns?

    <p>They involve multiple alleles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process is responsible for generating genetic diversity in Meiosis I?

    <p>Recombination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the end result of DNA replication?

    <p>Two DNA molecules, each with one old strand and one new strand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of necrosis is characterized by the transformation of solid tissue into a liquid mass and complete digestion of dead cells?

    <p>Liquefactive necrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the physical appearance of an organism based on its genetic constitution?

    <p>Phenotype</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Cell Injury and Response

    • Reversible response to cell injury: cellular adaptation
    • Physiological cause of hyperplasia: increased demand or stimuli

    Cell Death

    • Main difference between necrosis and apoptosis: necrosis is uncontrolled and apoptosis is controlled
    • Type of necrosis characterized by transformation of solid tissue into a liquid mass and complete digestion of dead cells: liquefactive necrosis
    • Type of necrosis characterized by a distinctive cheesy, crumbly, white gross appearance and commonly associated with tuberculous infection: caseous necrosis
    • Type of necrosis characterized by preservation of cell shape and organ structure, with disappearance of nuclei: coagulative necrosis
    • Type of necrosis associated with necrotic damage to blood vessel walls and often occurs in the context of vasculitis: fibrinoid necrosis

    Cellular Adaptation

    • Example of metaplasia: replacement of one type of epithelium with another
    • Cause of cell injury: genetic mutation, infection, toxins, etc.

    Irreversible Cellular Injury

    • Consequence of irreversible cellular injury: cell death or necrosis

    Membrane Damage

    • Role of free radicals in membrane damage: disrupts membrane structure and function

    Acute Inflammation

    • Characteristic of acute inflammation: rapid onset, short duration
    • Two major events in acute inflammation: increased blood flow and increased permeability
    • Five classic signs of acute inflammation: redness, swelling, heat, pain, and loss of function
    • Characteristic of exudate: fluid rich in protein and cells
    • Function of neutrophils' tertiary granules: antibacterial properties
    • Role of reactive oxygen species in neutrophils: bactericidal effects
    • Function of vasoactive amines: regulate blood flow and permeability

    Cell Division

    • Type of cell division that gives rise to sperm and egg cells: meiosis
    • Chromosome number in diploid human cells: 46

    Inheritance Patterns

    • Inheritance pattern characterized by the interaction of several genes: polygenic inheritance
    • Type of inheritance that is not Mendelian: polygenic inheritance
    • Difference between multi-gene (polygenic) defects and Mendelian inheritance patterns: multiple genes contribute to the phenotype in polygenic inheritance
    • Process responsible for generating genetic diversity in Meiosis I: crossing over
    • End result of DNA replication: two identical daughter molecules

    Miscellaneous

    • Term used to describe the physical appearance of an organism based on its genetic constitution: phenotype

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on cell injury, necrosis, apoptosis, and cellular responses to stress with this quiz. Learn about the causes, mechanisms, and morphologic changes of reversible and irreversible cell injury, as well as the types of necrosis and intracellular accumulation.

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