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Questions and Answers
What is apoptosis?
Programmed cell death.
Which of the following are characteristics of apoptosis? (Select all that apply)
What is necrosis?
Cell injury resulting from exogenous injury characterized by enzymatic digestion and protein denaturation.
What are the types of necrosis?
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Is plasma membrane damage a reversible cell injury?
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Is nuclear chromatin clumping a reversible cell injury?
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Which of the following are features of inflammation? (Select all that apply)
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What happens during the acute phase of inflammation?
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What is chemotaxis in inflammation?
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Study Notes
Apoptosis - Programmed cell death
- Apoptosis is a process of programmed cell death.
- Apoptosis involves cell shrinkage, chromatin condensation, membrane blebbing, and the formation of apoptotic bodies.
- Apoptotic bodies are phagocytosed.
- Apoptosis is essential for normal development, such as embryogenesis and hormone-induced events like menstruation.
- Apoptosis plays a role in immune cell-mediated death.
- Apoptosis can be triggered by injurious stimuli like radiation, hypoxia, or atrophy.
Necrosis - Cell death due to exogenous injury
- Necrosis results from cell injury due to exogenous factors, causing enzymatic digestion and protein denaturation.
- Necrosis releases intracellular components.
- Necrosis manifests morphologically as coagulative, liquefactive, caseous, fat, fibrinoid, or gangrenous.
Comparing reversible and irreversible cell injury
- Reversible cell injury can include cellular swelling, nuclear chromatin clumping, decreased ATP synthesis, ribosomal detachment, and glycogen depletion.
- Irreversible cell injury is indicated by plasma membrane damage, lysosomal rupture, Ca2+ influx leading to oxidative phosphorylation, nuclear pyknosis, karyolysis, karyorrhexis, and mitochondrial permeability.
Inflammation
- Inflammation is characterized by rubor (redness), dolor (pain), calor (heat), tumor (swelling), and functio laesa (loss of function).
- Acute inflammation involved neutrophil, eosinophil, and antibody cells.
- Chronic inflammation is mediated by mononuclear cells.
Phases of Inflammation
- Acute Inflammation: Increased vascular permeability, vasodilation, endothelial injury, fluid exudation, leukocyte activation through emigration, chemotaxis, phagocytosis, and killing.
- Chronic Inflammation: Fibroblast emigration, proliferation, deposition of ECM, and fibrosis.
- Resolution: The process of healing and returning to a normal state.
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Description
This quiz explores the key differences between apoptosis and necrosis, including their characteristics, processes, and implications for cell health. Dive into essential concepts like programmed cell death, reversible vs irreversible injury, and the roles of these processes in development and disease.
