Cell Death Mechanisms: Apoptosis vs Necrosis
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Questions and Answers

What is apoptosis?

Programmed cell death.

Which of the following are characteristics of apoptosis? (Select all that apply)

  • Cell shrinkage (correct)
  • Membrane rupture
  • Chromatin condensation (correct)
  • Formation of apoptotic bodies (correct)
  • What is necrosis?

    Cell injury resulting from exogenous injury characterized by enzymatic digestion and protein denaturation.

    What are the types of necrosis?

    <p>Coagulative, liquefactive, caseous, fat, fibrinoid, gangrenous.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Is plasma membrane damage a reversible cell injury?

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Is nuclear chromatin clumping a reversible cell injury?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following are features of inflammation? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Loss of function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during the acute phase of inflammation?

    <p>Increased vascular permeability, vasodilation, and fluid exudation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is chemotaxis in inflammation?

    <p>The movement of leukocytes towards the site of infection in response to bacterial products and chemokines.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Apoptosis - Programmed cell death

    • Apoptosis is a process of programmed cell death.
    • Apoptosis involves cell shrinkage, chromatin condensation, membrane blebbing, and the formation of apoptotic bodies.
    • Apoptotic bodies are phagocytosed.
    • Apoptosis is essential for normal development, such as embryogenesis and hormone-induced events like menstruation.
    • Apoptosis plays a role in immune cell-mediated death.
    • Apoptosis can be triggered by injurious stimuli like radiation, hypoxia, or atrophy.

    Necrosis - Cell death due to exogenous injury

    • Necrosis results from cell injury due to exogenous factors, causing enzymatic digestion and protein denaturation.
    • Necrosis releases intracellular components.
    • Necrosis manifests morphologically as coagulative, liquefactive, caseous, fat, fibrinoid, or gangrenous.

    Comparing reversible and irreversible cell injury

    • Reversible cell injury can include cellular swelling, nuclear chromatin clumping, decreased ATP synthesis, ribosomal detachment, and glycogen depletion.
    • Irreversible cell injury is indicated by plasma membrane damage, lysosomal rupture, Ca2+ influx leading to oxidative phosphorylation, nuclear pyknosis, karyolysis, karyorrhexis, and mitochondrial permeability.

    Inflammation

    • Inflammation is characterized by rubor (redness), dolor (pain), calor (heat), tumor (swelling), and functio laesa (loss of function).
    • Acute inflammation involved neutrophil, eosinophil, and antibody cells.
    • Chronic inflammation is mediated by mononuclear cells.

    Phases of Inflammation

    • Acute Inflammation: Increased vascular permeability, vasodilation, endothelial injury, fluid exudation, leukocyte activation through emigration, chemotaxis, phagocytosis, and killing.
    • Chronic Inflammation: Fibroblast emigration, proliferation, deposition of ECM, and fibrosis.
    • Resolution: The process of healing and returning to a normal state.

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    Description

    This quiz explores the key differences between apoptosis and necrosis, including their characteristics, processes, and implications for cell health. Dive into essential concepts like programmed cell death, reversible vs irreversible injury, and the roles of these processes in development and disease.

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